我国民事送达难的现状剖析及其化解

发布时间：2018-04-24 03:04

本文选题：民事送达 + 送达方式　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民事送达制度是我国民事诉讼制度中看似微小却又极为重要的制度。送达是人民法院和当事人以及其他诉讼参与人之间得以形成互动的基础和制度保障。送达在民事诉讼中具有独特的程序价值和功能。然而在司法实践中,民事诉讼常常遭遇“送达难”的困窘,“人难找、门难进、字难签、话难听、事难证”,是法院送达难的真实写照。其具体表现为:直接送达效率低,存在适用顺序混乱问题;留置送达难以有效规制当事人恶意逃避送达,也难以获得相应人员和组织的协助;邮寄送达则在送达回执、邮寄机构、适用顺序等方面存在实践与立法背离现象;公告送达存在滥用之嫌,而协议送达、电子送达在部分地区近乎虚置。上述问题均严重掣肘民事送达制度的功能发挥,降低了民事诉讼中各项程序之间的衔接度。造成民事诉讼“送达难”的成因较为复杂,既有送达主体单一、送达方式落后等法律因素,也有法院案多人少、送达惩戒措施缺位、法官非理性选择送达方式等司法因素。此外,人口流动性加剧、社会诚信缺失、公民法律信仰的不足等社会因素亦在一定程度上影响了民事送达制度的顺利运行。解决民事诉讼“送达难”的措施主要有:树立多元化的送达理念,并以送达实效作为选择送达方式的标准;积极吸收社会力量参与送达,打破送达主体单一化现象;优化法院内部送达资源,推进新型送达方式的适用;加强立案阶段送达信息的形式审查,构建完善法院与政府部门之间的信息共享机制;明确当事人送达地址变更申报义务,并强化妨害送达的制裁力度等。
[Abstract]:Civil service system is a seemingly small but extremely important system in our civil litigation system. Service is the basis and system guarantee for the interaction between the people's court and the parties and other litigant participants. Service has unique procedural value and function in civil action. However, in judicial practice, civil proceedings often encounter the embarrassment of "hard to serve", "difficult to find people, difficult to enter the door, difficult to sign, difficult to listen to, difficult to testify", is the true portrayal of the difficult service of the court. Its concrete manifestation is: the direct service efficiency is low, the application order is confused; the retention service is difficult to regulate the party to evade the service maliciously, also is difficult to obtain the corresponding personnel and the organization assistance; the mail service is in the service return receipt, There is deviation between practice and legislation in postal organization, order of application, and abuse of notice service, while agreement service and electronic service are almost virtual in some areas. The above problems seriously restrict the function of the civil service system and reduce the degree of connection between the procedures in the civil proceedings. The causes of "difficult service" in civil litigation are complicated, such as the single subject of service, the backward way of service and other legal factors, but also the judicial factors such as more and fewer court cases, the absence of disciplinary measures for service, and the judge's irrational choice of service mode. In addition, social factors, such as population mobility, lack of social honesty and citizens' legal belief, also affect the smooth operation of civil service system to a certain extent. The main measures to solve the problem of "service difficulty" in civil litigation are as follows: setting up a diversified service concept and taking the actual effect of service as the standard of choosing service mode, actively absorbing social forces to participate in service, and breaking the phenomenon of single service subject; Optimize the internal service resources of the court, promote the application of the new mode of service; strengthen the formal examination of the service information in the filing stage, construct and improve the information sharing mechanism between the court and the government departments; clarify the obligation of the parties to declare the change of service address, And strengthen the degree of sanctions such as obstruction of service.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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