制度建构视域下的近代司法独立研究——基于中日近代司法独立的历史分析

发布时间：2018-04-24 17:49

本文选题：制度建构 + 司法独立制度　；参考：《湖北社会科学》2013年05期

【摘要】：作为西方政府制度主要支柱的"三权分立"理论,尽管始终没有独自为一个有效稳定的政治制度提供一个足够的基础,但是其确为很多国家制度的发展提供了一个虽然含糊但非常有用的指南。十九世纪中叶的中国和日本两国亦在封建末年内忧外患的时局之下按照这一理论改革政治法律制度。从构建司法独立制度的要求来看,审判机关独立的实质是将审判权从行政权中抽离,这一分离方式所带来的相关部门权限的损益,必然会导致部门之间的权力争夺。因此,一个具有坚定改革意识的统治阶层与相关制度结构的建立和完善对近代司法独立制度的建构具有重要意义。通过对中日两国近代司法独立过程的分析,可以看到在从传统到现代的司法制度变迁中,中国清末法制变革中"理论嵌入"型演进模式与传统法精神的影响是晚清司法独立制度未能建立的关键所在。
[Abstract]:The "separation of powers" theory, which is the main pillar of the western system of government, has never alone provided a sufficient basis for an effective and stable political system. But it does provide a vague but very useful guide to the development of many national systems. In the middle of the 19th century, China and Japan also reformed their political and legal systems according to this theory. From the requirement of constructing the judicial independence system, the essence of judicial independence is to separate the judicial power from the administrative power. The profit and loss of the authority of the relevant departments brought about by the separation will inevitably lead to the power competition among the departments. Therefore, the establishment and perfection of a ruling class with a firm sense of reform and related institutional structure is of great significance to the construction of modern judicial independence system. Through the analysis of the process of judicial independence between China and Japan in modern times, we can see that in the transition of judicial system from tradition to modern, The influence of the mode of "theoretical embedding" and the spirit of traditional law in the legal system reform in the late Qing Dynasty is the key to the failure of the establishment of the judicial independence system in the late Qing Dynasty.
【作者单位】：南京大学政府管理学院;
【分类号】：D931.3;D929;D926

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