中国行政解释及其在行政诉讼中的适用

发布时间：2018-04-26 11:45

本文选题：行政解释 + 行政诉讼　；参考：《吉林大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国行政法学中，对于行政解释的研究并不多见，有限的一些研究，多数都具有非常强的理论性和抽象性，但对实践的关注却不够深入。应该说，一些研究者注意从理论的层面来分析行政解释的概念和特征，并对实践中的问题提出批判和改进的意见，这种积极的态度是值得肯定的，但是很多研究者仅仅重视理论，却忽视了行政解释方法和解释规范在实践中的状态。即使有些研究者注意到了行政解释在实践中的问题，也没有对行政解释在实定法中的地位和在审判实践中的效力状态进行系统的研究。要研究一种形似法律渊源的概念，首先要对这一事物的产生和实定法上的规定进行全面的了解。否则，，在对一种形似法律渊源的事物的概念、特点、本质、类型、效力等等问题全都没有一个清晰、系统的认识之前，就急着给出改进的意见，恐怕会有南辕北辙的危险。在阅读相关文献的过程中，笔者关注了行政解释规范和方法在我国从无到有的历程，以及各家各派的各种分类方法，并在其中发现了一种较为特殊的、与行政解释在我国的产生和发展相关性非常紧密的分类方法，即所谓制定解释和应用解释的分类方法。这种分类方法不仅仅是我国立法解释和其他各种法律解释之间的区分方法，同样也被用于我国行政解释的内部区分。立足于这一分类法之上，笔者通过从上到下逐级梳理我国的法律规范及相应行政机关对其拥有的解释权，列出了行政解释内部不同层级的效力关系。本文的主要观点是：行政解释的内部存在着以是否制定主体来区分的两种不同效力的解释类型，相对而言，制定主体对自己制定的法律文件的解释属于制定解释，其效力更高；反之则属于应用解释甚至无权解释，其效力低于制定解释。而根据我国既有的法律渊源的层级，可以进一步将相对应的各种行政解释归入相应的层级中进行进一步的细分，并最终列出各种主体对于各种解释对象所做的行政解释的详细效力层级。本文的写作分为四个部分，第一部分是概念和理念上的分析，首先对既有行政解释概念进行归纳，随后阐述本文的研究旨趣；第二部分是对现行宪法和各种其他法律文件中的行政解释规定进行梳理，通过整理我国历史上和现实中的行政解释规定，发现行政解释内在的效力逻辑，并试图理清解释主体、解释对象和解释文件的效力之间的关系；第三部分是对中国行政解释在诉讼中所处地位的归纳分析，包括行政解释在我国行政诉讼中的效力层级，以及效力层级处于不同状态的行政解释在行政诉讼中的适用，该部分通过将第二部分梳理出的行政解释效力的详细层级与我国现行行政诉讼法律规定中对法律渊源的效力、合法性或合理性的判断标准相结合，提供了一种用以判断某一行政解释是否能够在行政诉讼中得到适用的实定法上的进路，并试图从案例中总结出常用和可用的判断标准。第四部分则是结论部分。
[Abstract]:In the administrative law of China, there are few studies on administrative interpretation, and some of the limited studies have very strong theoretical and abstract nature, but the attention to practice is not deep enough. It should be said that some researchers pay attention to the analysis of the concept and characteristics of administrative interpretation from the theoretical level and criticize the problems in practice. This positive attitude is worth affirming, but many researchers only attach importance to the theory, but ignore the state of administrative interpretation and interpretation in practice. Even some researchers have noticed the problems in the practice of administrative interpretation, and there is no status and practice of administrative interpretation in the actual law. The effectiveness of the state is systematically studied.
In order to study a concept like the origin of the law, we must first make a comprehensive understanding of the emergence of this thing and the provisions on the actual law. Otherwise, there is no clear concept, characteristics, nature, type and effectiveness of a kind of things like the origin of the law. Fear will be in danger of the opposite direction.
In the process of reading related literature, the author pays attention to the history of administrative interpretation norms and methods in our country and the various classifications of various schools, and finds a more special classification method, which is very close to the production and development of administrative interpretation in China, that is, to formulate interpretation and application. This classification method is not only a distinction between our country's legislative interpretation and other legal interpretations, but also the internal distinction of the administrative interpretation of our country. Based on this classification, the author combs the legal norms of our country from top to bottom and the corresponding solutions of the corresponding administrative organs. The right of interpretation lists the effective relationship between different levels of administrative interpretation.
The main point of this article is that there are two different types of interpretations in the interior of the administrative interpretation. In contrast, the interpretations of the legal documents made by the main body belong to the interpretations, and their effectiveness is higher; on the contrary, the interpretations of the legal documents are more effective than the interpretations, and their effectiveness is lower than the interpretation. According to the level of the existing legal origin of our country, we can further subdivide the corresponding administrative interpretations into the corresponding levels, and finally list the detailed effectiveness levels of the administrative interpretations made by various subjects for various interpretive objects.
The writing of this article is divided into four parts. The first part is the analysis of concept and concept. First, it summarizes the concept of the existing administrative interpretation, and then expounds the purpose of the study. The second part is the combing of the administrative interpretation of the current constitution and various other legal documents, through sorting out the historical and practical aspects of our country. The political interpretation stipulates that the internal validity logic of the administrative interpretation is found and the relationship between the interpretive subject and the validity of the interpretive documents is clarifying; the third part is the inductive analysis of the status of the administrative interpretation in the lawsuit, including the effectiveness level of the administrative interpretation in the administrative litigation of our country, and the effect of the level of the administrative interpretation. The application of the administrative interpretation of the same state in administrative litigation, this part provides a way to judge whether a certain administrative interpretation can be used by combining the detailed hierarchy of the effectiveness of the second part of the administrative interpretation with the validity of the legal origin, the validity of the legal or the reasonableness of the legal provisions in the current administrative litigation of China. In the administrative litigation, it is applicable to the actual law, and tries to summarize the common and available judging criteria from the case. The fourth part is the conclusion.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.3

【参考文献】