刑事诉讼中司法鉴定人出庭作证的困境及对策研究

发布时间：2018-04-28 04:15

本文选题：司法鉴定人 + 出庭作证　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国当前的刑事司法实践中,鉴定人出庭率仍处于一个相当低的水平。鉴定意见是鉴定人运用科学技术和专业知识对某一专门性问题进行的鉴别和判断,其包含了一定的主观成分。鉴定意见的这一特殊属性要求其必须经过法庭的质证后才能作为判定案件事实的依据。鉴定意见若要被最终采纳,则鉴定人必须通过出席法庭,就其出具的鉴定意见接受控辩审三方的质询,以确保其准确性和科学性。案件审理过程中,鉴定人从鉴定方法、鉴定程序以及形成鉴定的依据等问题进行合理解释,可以有效的消除当事人对鉴定意见的误解,从而减少重新鉴定及上访上诉事件的发生。本文结合实际案例从司法实践的角度出发,论述了我国目前刑事诉讼中司法鉴定人出庭作证的制度；阐述了以程序正义和直接言词原则为鉴定人出庭作证的理论基础；学习和比较了两大法系国家司法鉴定人出庭作证在立法与司法方面的相关规定；分析了目前我国的刑事诉讼中司法鉴定人出庭率低、出庭积极性不高的原因,初步可以总结为在鉴定人出庭制度方面法律制定不够完善,以及人们对该制度的认识不高。具体表现为：司法鉴定人出庭作证惩罚及保障机制欠缺；法律对鉴定人出庭席位规定不明确；法院启动鉴定人出庭作证程序不规范；公检法司相关部门及人员对该项制度的认识度不够；鉴定人员对出庭作证角色不适应。针对制约我国鉴定人出庭作证的因素提出了一些完善意见：可从完善相关的法律法规、提高鉴定人出庭作证能力、完善“专家辅助人”的制度以及加强公、检、法相关部门的合作上进行。
[Abstract]:In our country's current criminal judicial practice, the court attendance rate of experts is still at a very low level. Expert opinion is the identification and judgment of a particular problem by means of science and technology and professional knowledge, which contains certain subjective elements. This special attribute of the appraisal opinion requires that it must be cross-examined by the court before it can be used as the basis for determining the facts of the case. If an expert opinion is to be finally accepted, the expert must, by attending the court, be questioned by the three parties on the opinion issued by him or her in order to ensure its accuracy and scientific nature. In the course of the trial of the case, the expert can explain reasonably the identification method, the appraisal procedure and the basis for the appraisal, which can effectively eliminate the misunderstanding of the parties' opinions on the appraisal. This reduces the incidence of reappraisal and appeals. From the angle of judicial practice, this paper discusses the system of judicial connoisseur appearing in court in criminal proceedings in our country, and expounds the theoretical basis of using procedural justice and the principle of direct words to testify in court. This paper studies and compares the relevant provisions of the legislation and judicial aspects of the appearance of judicial experts in the two legal system countries, and analyzes the reasons for the low attendance rate of judicial experts and the low enthusiasm for appearing in court in the present criminal proceedings in our country. The preliminary conclusion is that the law is not perfect enough and people's understanding of the system is not high. The concrete manifestation is: the punishment and the safeguard mechanism of the judicial expert appearing in court is lacking; the law does not specify the seat of the expert to appear in court; the court starts the expert to appear in court to testify the procedure is not standard; The relative departments and personnel of Public Prosecution Department are not enough to understand the system, and the appraisers are not adapted to the role of testifying in court. In view of the factors that restrict our country's experts to testify in court, some suggestions are put forward: to perfect the relevant laws and regulations, to improve the ability of experts to testify in court, to perfect the system of "expert assistant", and to strengthen the public and public inspection. The cooperation of the relevant departments of France shall be carried out.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.2

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