检察机关提起民事公益诉讼制度若干问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-29 05:08

本文选题：民事公益诉讼 + 检察机关　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的不断发展,以及我国正处于社会的转型时期,企业、民众的道德缺失问题愈发突出,带来的环境问题、消费侵权等等公共利益受损的问题越来越严重。然而与公共利益受损不断增加的趋势相矛盾的是公共利益保护的力度确停步不前。虽有零星保护公共利益的诉讼,然后结果却不尽如人意。社会对公益诉讼的呼声越来越强,实践中对公益诉讼的尝试也不断增加。但受制于法律的空白规定,任何有益的尝试都师出无名,且审判机关基于法律的空白往往对这类案件做不立案处理,公民和社会组织对公共利益的保护热情与审判冷漠对待的社会现实之间的矛盾愈发突出。2014年10月23日,中国共产党第十八届四中全会召开,在该次会议上检察机关被确定为公益诉讼的实施机关,会议提出要探索检察机关提起公益诉讼并使之成为一种适合我国法治发展的诉讼制度,从而正式确立了检察机关为公益诉讼的实施机关,当然这是从政策层面而言,为检察机关参与公益诉讼提供了政治上的依据。2015年7月1日,十二届人大常委会第十五次会议表决通过《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于授权最高人民检察院在部分地区开展公益诉讼试点的决定》,授权最高人民检察院可以在生态环境和资源保护、国有资产保护、国有土地使用权出让、食品药品安全等领域开展公益诉讼试点。试点地区确定为北京、内蒙古、吉林、江苏等共13个省、自治区、直辖市。这进一步加大了检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的步伐。虽然最高检在全国部分地区进行了试点,但试点的保守仍是我国民事公益诉讼制度向世界各国迅速靠齐的阻碍,在适用范围、参与方式等等方面仍有进步空间。长期以来,我国为了经济的发展,始终坚持以资源换经济粗放发展模式,导致环境、自然资源遭受严重损害。为改变这种结果,民事公益诉讼制度是最好的司法救济途径,而检察机关提起的民事公益诉讼则是民事公益诉讼里效果最明显的方式。因此,在目前试点阶段,加大检察机关的参与力度反而更为适宜。本文就我国检察机关参与公益诉讼的制度构建为主体,从公益诉讼的发展渊源、检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的必要性、我国目前检察机关提起民事公益诉讼中遇到的问题以及检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的完善建议为顺序,一一展开论述,力求为我国检察机关提起民事公益诉讼提供有益的补充。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of our economy, and our country is in the period of social transformation, the moral deficiency of enterprises and people is becoming more and more prominent, resulting in environmental problems, consumption infringement and other public interests are becoming more and more serious. However, the trend of increasing damage to public interest is that the protection of public interest does not stop. Although there were sporadic lawsuits to protect the public interest, the result was not satisfactory. The voice of public interest litigation is becoming stronger and stronger, and the practice of public interest litigation is increasing. However, subject to the blank provisions of the law, any useful attempt is unknown, and the gap in the judicial organs based on the law often fails to file such cases. The contradiction between citizens' and social organizations' enthusiasm for public interest protection and the social reality of the apathy of the trial is growing. On October 23, 2014, the fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee was held. At the meeting, the procuratorial organ was determined to be the implementing organ of public interest litigation. The meeting proposed to explore the prosecution of public interest litigation by the procuratorial organ and make it a litigation system suitable for the development of the rule of law in our country. Thus formally establishing the procuratorial organ as the implementing organ of public interest litigation. Of course, this provides a political basis for procuratorial organs to participate in public interest litigation at the policy level. On July 1, 2015, The 15th meeting of the standing Committee of the Twelfth National people's Congress adopted the decision of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress on authorizing the Supreme people's Procuratorate to carry out pilot public interest litigation in some areas, authorizing the Supreme people's Procuratorate to In order to protect the ecological environment and resources, State-owned assets protection, the sale of state-owned land use rights, food and drug safety and other areas of public interest litigation pilot. Pilot areas identified as Beijing, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Jiangsu and other 13 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government. This further increased the pace of prosecution of civil public interest litigation. Although the Supreme Procuratorate has carried out a pilot project in some parts of the country, the conservatism of the pilot project is still a hindrance for our civil public interest litigation system to be rapidly aligned with other countries in the world, and there is still room for improvement in the scope of application, the way of participation, and so on. For a long time, for the sake of economic development, our country always insists on exchanging resources for extensive economic development mode, which results in serious damage to environment and natural resources. In order to change this result, the civil public interest litigation system is the best way of judicial relief, and the public interest litigation initiated by the procuratorial organ is the most obvious way in the civil public interest litigation. Therefore, in the current pilot phase, it is more appropriate to increase the participation of procuratorial organs. This article regards the system construction of procuratorial organs participating in public interest litigation as the main body, from the origin of the development of public interest litigation, the necessity of procuratorial organs to file civil public interest litigation. At present, the problems encountered by procuratorial organs in bringing civil public interest litigation and the perfect suggestions for procuratorial organs to file civil public interest litigation are discussed in order to provide a useful supplement for the procuratorial organs to file civil public interest litigation.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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