我国民事执行制度改革问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 18:07

本文选题：民事执行制度 + 执行权性质　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：民事执行制度是债权人借助国家强制力,向执行机关申请执行,由执行机关运用法定强制执行措施为其兑现生效法律文书所确认的财产权益的一项重要法律制度,在我国法律体系里占有举足轻重的地位。民事执行的本质是国家为权益受损的公民提供公力救济的过程,目的是保障公民的合法私有权益,从而维护司法权威,维护社会和谐稳定。我国民事执行制度主要规定在《民事诉讼法》以及一系列民事执行的司法解释里,目前我国仍没有系统、专门的强制执行法。鉴于《民事诉讼法》对有关民事执行的规定多属原则性规定,且相对空泛,难以适用于执行实践所遇到的具体问题,日常民事执行活动多数依赖于民事执行的司法解释。近年来,从国家到省、市层面都出台了多个民事执行规定,特别是最高人民法院为解决执行实践的新问题而出台了多项司法解释。国家、省、市不断发布关于民事执行的司法解释、规范性文件,凸显了民事执行制度在现今社会的重要性。随着社会经济文明的日益发展,经济纠纷的复杂化,民事执行作为保障私权的公力救济手段变得愈发重要。我国“执行难”问题自20世纪80年代开始至今并没有得到彻底的解决,随着社会经济纠纷形式的骤变,执行案件也呈现新变化,使破解“执行难”存在一定的困难,破解“执行难”离不开继续深化民事执行制度。我国民事执行制度在1982年以立法的形式确定下来以后,在不断地进行改革,以适应司法实践需要。但由于对执行权性质的界定不明晰,导致执行机关的设置不科学,民事执行的体制一直没能很好地适应社会的发展,不利于彻底解决“执行难”问题。2016年,最高人民法院出台了《关于落实“用两到三年时间基本解决执行难问题”的工作纲要》为执行制度改革指明方向,地方各级人民法院掀开继续深化民事执行制度改革的序幕。在深化民事执行制度改革的司法背景下,本文通过梳理学术界意见和学习国外民事执行制度,结合我国司法实践和现行民事执行法律规定,对民事执行制度改革问题进行探讨,对民事执行制度改革提出一己之见,希望对现今民事执行制度向纵深发展有一定的借鉴作用,从而对解决我国“执行难”问题有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The civil enforcement system is an important legal system in which the creditor applies to the enforcement organ for execution with the help of the state coercive force, and the enforcement organ applies statutory enforcement measures to fulfill the property rights and interests recognized in the effective legal documents. It plays an important role in the legal system of our country. The essence of civil execution is the process of providing public relief for citizens whose rights and interests are damaged. The purpose is to protect the legitimate private rights and interests of citizens, thus to maintain judicial authority and social harmony and stability. The civil execution system of our country is mainly stipulated in the Code of Civil procedure and a series of judicial interpretations of civil execution. At present, there is still no systematic and special enforcement law in our country. In view of the fact that the provisions of the Civil procedure Law on civil execution are mostly principled and relatively general, it is difficult to apply to the specific problems encountered in the execution practice, and most of the daily civil execution activities depend on the judicial interpretation of civil execution. In recent years, a number of civil enforcement regulations have been issued from the national to the provincial and municipal levels, especially the Supreme people's Court has issued a number of judicial interpretations in order to solve the new problems of enforcement practice. The state, province and city constantly issue judicial explanation and normative documents about civil execution, which highlights the importance of civil execution system in today's society. With the development of social and economic civilization and the complication of economic disputes, civil execution is becoming more and more important as a public remedy to protect private rights. The problem of "difficult execution" in China has not been solved thoroughly since the 1980s. With the sudden changes in the form of social and economic disputes, the cases of execution have also taken on new changes, which make it difficult to solve the problem of "difficult execution". To solve the problem of execution, we must continue to deepen the system of civil execution. The civil execution system of our country has been reformed in order to meet the needs of judicial practice since it was established by legislation in 1982. However, due to the unclear definition of the nature of the executive power, resulting in the unscientific setting of the executive organs, the civil enforcement system has not been able to adapt well to the development of society, which is not conducive to a thorough solution to the "difficult to implement" problem. The Supreme people's Court has issued the "outline for implementing the work of" basically solving the difficult problems of execution in two to three years, "which points out the direction for the reform of the implementation system, and the local people's courts at all levels have opened the prologue for continuing to deepen the reform of the civil execution system. Under the judicial background of deepening the reform of civil execution system, this paper probes into the reform of civil execution system by combing the opinions of academic circles and studying the foreign civil execution system, combining the judicial practice of our country and the current civil execution law provisions. The author puts forward his own views on the reform of the civil execution system, hoping that it can be used for reference in the further development of the civil execution system today, thus helping to solve the problem of "difficult execution" in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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