刑事被追诉人权利的宪法保障研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 16:53

本文选题：刑事被追诉人 + 宪法保障　；参考：《河北师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事被追诉人作为拥有特殊身份的公民,其所享有的权利理应得到宪法的保护。与公民基本权利的保障相比,刑事被追诉人由于是受到法律追究的特殊公民主体,其所应该享有的权利往往被不公正的对待甚至于受到侵犯,这不仅不符合国际人权保障事业发展的要求,同时也不利于十八届四中全会关于全面推进依法治国,保证公正司法,提高司法公信力加强人权司法保障的实现。在一国宪法中确认刑事被追诉人权利,间接反映出这个国家的人权保障理念,进而体现出该国的人权保障水平。现阶段我国日益重视对刑事被追诉人的权利保障,从2004年宪法修正案实现“人权入宪”,到2012年修改《刑事诉讼法》和《国家赔偿法》,将“尊重和保障人权”写入诉讼法总则,完善赔偿程序,畅通赔偿渠道,保证赔偿支付的实现。揭开了我国人权保障事业的新篇章。但是,我国目前对刑事被追诉人的保障仍然存在一定的不足:如在宪法中对刑事被追诉人权利内容的规定不全面,无罪推定、正当程序条款没有提升到宪法的高度予以规定。另外,刑事诉讼法律的相关配套措施落实不到位,刑事被追诉人权利的救济制度仍需要进一步的完善,宪法解释程序与宪法监督制度还需更深层次的探索等。本文从宪法保障的角度对刑事被追诉人所享有的重要权利进行论述,分析国外代表性国家的宪法保障制度和方式,提出我国刑事被追诉人权利的宪法保障的完善建议。全文除去引言和结论共分为四个部分:第一部分主要论述了刑事被追诉人权利宪法保障的一般理论。阐述刑事被追诉人以及刑事被追诉人权利的定义,界定全文研究的基础性概念,同时列明了刑事被追诉人权利的性质特征。另外对刑事被追诉人权利宪法保障的概念和方式作出介绍,说明了刑事被追诉人权利宪法保障的意义所在,为后面论述刑事被追诉人权利宪法保障提供了价值支撑。第二部分主要总结了我国现阶段宪法、法律对刑事被追诉人权利的保障现状。通过对现状的分析,总结出现阶段我国刑事被追诉人权利的宪法保障中存在的问题,从中找到问题的四个方面原因:对刑事被追诉人人权保障的社会共识弱,重实体轻程序的传统诉讼观念影响,缺乏强有力的宪法监督制度以及宪法中对刑事被追诉人权利规定不明。第三部分主要选取美国和德国两个不同法系的国家,分析它们在刑事被追诉人权利的宪法保障中的立法体制和实践方式,主要从刑事被追诉人权利的入宪方式和具体宪法保障制度两个方面研究。概括总结我国从宪法角度保障刑事被追诉人的权利可以借鉴的经验,首先要正确理解人权保障的内涵,其次要从各方面健全和完善对刑事被追诉人权利宪法保障的法律制度,最后要充分发挥宪法的根本作用。第四部分基于前面对刑事被追诉人权利保障及宪法角度的分析,提出从强化刑事被追诉人人权保障意识、树立宪法权威、转变传统刑事诉讼理念方面提升刑事被追诉人权利保障观念的认同;丰富现行宪法中有关刑事被追诉人权利内容规定;加强刑事诉讼公开、公正审判,非法证据排除,回避制度以及辩护律师帮助辩护的落实;完善刑事被追诉人权利宪法保障的救济制度几个方面完善我国刑事被追诉人权利宪法保障的建议。
[Abstract]:As a citizen with special status, the rights of the criminal being prosecuted should be protected by the constitution. Compared with the guarantee of the basic rights of the citizen, the criminal being prosecuted is the special citizen subject to the law, and the rights that the defendant should enjoy are often treated unfairly and even violated, which is not only inconsistent with the law. The requirements for the development of international human rights guarantee are also not conducive to the realization of the full promotion of the rule of law in the fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee, the guarantee of justice and the enhancement of judicial credibility to strengthen the realization of human rights judicial guarantee. In a country's constitution, the rights of the accused are confirmed, and the concept of human rights protection in this country is reflected indirectly. At the present stage, our country attaches great importance to the protection of the rights of the accused. From the amendment of the Constitution in 2004, the "human rights into the constitution" is realized, the "Criminal Procedure Law > and the State Compensation Law" are amended in 2012, and the "respect for and the protection of human rights" is written to the general principles of the procedure law, the compensation procedure is perfected, the compensation channel is unblocked and the compensation is guaranteed. The realization of payment has opened a new chapter in the cause of human rights protection in China. However, there are still some shortcomings in our country's guarantee of criminal prosecution. For example, the provisions on the rights of the accused are not comprehensive, presumption of innocence, the provisions of the due process are not raised to the height of the constitution. The relevant supporting measures of the law are not in place. The remedy system of the rights of the accused is still needed further improvement. The constitutional interpretation procedure and the constitutional supervision system need to be further explored. This article discusses the important rights enjoyed by the criminal accused from the angle of constitutional guarantee and analyzes the representative countries of foreign countries. The constitutional guarantee of the constitutional guarantee system and mode is proposed. The full text is divided into four parts: the first part is divided into four parts: the first part mainly discusses the general theory of the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused, and expounds the definition of the criminal being prosecuted and the rights of the accused person to be prosecuted. The basic concept of the study, at the same time lists the characteristics of the rights of the criminal being prosecuted, and introduces the concept and mode of the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused in criminal prosecution, and explains the significance of the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused in criminal prosecution, which provides a value support for the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused in criminal prosecution. Second This paper mainly summarizes the present state of the Constitution and the protection of the rights of the accused in the present stage. Through the analysis of the present situation, it summarizes the existing problems in the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the criminal being prosecuted in our country, and finds out the four reasons for the problems: the social consensus on the protection of the rights of everyone in criminal prosecution is weak and substantial. The traditional litigation concept of light procedures, the lack of a strong constitutional supervision system and the constitution of the rights of criminal prosecuted persons are unknown. The third part mainly selects the two countries of different legal systems in the United States and Germany to analyze their legislative system and practice in the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the defendants in criminal cases, mainly from the criminal law. The two aspects of the constitutionalism and the specific constitutional guarantee system of the rights of the accused are studied. The experience of guaranteeing the rights of the accused to be prosecuted from the constitutional point of view is summarized. First, the connotation of the protection of human rights should be correctly understood. Secondly, the legal system of the constitutional protection of the rights of the accused is perfected and perfected from all aspects. The fourth part, based on the analysis of the protection of the rights of the accused and the constitutional angle, puts forward the recognition of strengthening the consciousness of the criminal prosecution for the protection of everyone's rights, establishing the authority of the Constitution and changing the concept of the traditional criminal procedure, and enriching the concept of the rights of the prosecution. In the constitution, the provisions concerning the rights of the prosecuted persons in the constitution are stipulated, and the suggestions of strengthening the public, fair trial, the exclusionary rule of illegal evidence, the avoidance system and the implementation of the defense lawyers' assistance, and the improvement of the constitutional guarantee of the criminal prosecution's rights by the constitutional guarantee of the rights of the accused are perfected in several aspects.

【学位授予单位】：河北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】