论第三人撤销之诉的原告适格问题

发布时间：2018-05-06 19:01

本文选题：第三人撤销之诉 + 原告适格　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：第三人撤销之诉是我国第三人事后保障程序中的重要环节,它的存在有其正当性及必要性,并充分发挥其效能——遏制恶意诉讼,为受他人间判决效力所及的第三人提供有效、充分的事后救济。在大陆法系其它国家和地区,已形成成熟且到位的第三人撤销诉讼制度,虽然各立法例的立法依据不同,但都体现出对第三人私权的保障本意。2012年,我国《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》(以下简称《民事诉讼法》)正式设置了第三人撤销之诉制度。由于第三人撤销之诉制度建立时间尚短,且《民事诉讼法》中关于该制度的规定过于笼统、概括,使得该制度在实务操作中存在诸多问题。我国第三人撤销之诉制度的建构与完善,核心问题是解决该制度的原告适格问题。由于我国第三人撤销之诉属继受大陆法系其他立法例的产物,因而,比较分析各立法例,尤其是法国的第三人异议制度及我国台湾地区的第三人撤销之诉制度,可为我国探索建构第三人撤销之诉提供宝贵借鉴。然而任何制度的创设及完善不可能是一蹴而就的。本文以第三人撤销之诉的原告适格问题为视角,通过分析第三人撤销之诉制度的基本内涵、性质、功能及立法依据,讨论第三人撤销之诉在我国存在的合理性,同时比较考察我国第三人撤销之诉制度与法国及我国台湾地区的撤销诉讼制度,总结出我国第三人撤销之诉制度在适用上存在的问题,包括诉讼主体混乱,适用范围不清,滥诉问题突出,以及与其它程序间的协调问题等,同时尝试给出合理可行的完善建议。只有厘清我国第三人撤销之诉制度的适格原告,划清该制度的适用范围,并协调好相关程序间的关系,建立和完善既判力制度和诉讼告知制度,才可以真正使第三人撤销之诉制度最大化的发挥遏制恶意诉讼、保障第三人权益的作用。中国的第三人撤销之诉制度虽是舶来品,但通过合理的规划及构建,必将能形成有我国特色的事后保障程序,并与申请再审制度、执行异议制度有机配合,形成成熟且完善的第三人事后保障体系。
[Abstract]:The action of the third party's revocation is an important link in the procedure of the third party's ex post protection in our country. Its existence has its legitimacy and necessity, and it can give full play to its efficiency-to contain the malicious lawsuit, and to provide the third party with the validity of the judgment between others. Adequate ex post relief In other countries and regions of the continental law system, a mature and effective third party revocation litigation system has been formed. Although the legislative basis of each legislative case is different, it reflects the original intention of protecting the private rights of the third party. China's Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "Civil procedure Law") has formally set up the third party to revoke the system. Due to the short time of establishment of the system of the third party's revocation, and the general provisions of the system in the Civil procedure Law, there are many problems in the practice of the system. The key problem in the construction and perfection of the system of third party revocation in our country is to solve the problem of the plaintiff's qualification. Since the third party's revocation in our country is the product of other legislations in the civil law system, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the various legislative cases, especially the third party dissent system in France and the third party revocation action system in Taiwan. It can provide valuable reference for our country to explore and construct the third party revocation action. However, the creation and perfection of any system cannot be accomplished overnight. From the angle of view of the plaintiff's qualification of the third party's revocation action, this paper discusses the rationality of the third party's revocation action in our country by analyzing the basic connotation, nature, function and legislative basis of the third party's revocation action system. At the same time, the author compares the third party revocation action system with the revocation litigation system in France and Taiwan, and summarizes the problems existing in the application of the third party revocation action system, including the confusion of litigation subjects and the unclear scope of application. The problems of overappeal and coordination with other procedures are prominent, and some reasonable and feasible suggestions are also given. Only by clarifying the suitable plaintiff of the third party revocation system in our country, defining the scope of application of the system, coordinating the relationship between the relevant procedures, establishing and perfecting the res judicata system and lawsuit informing system, Only then can the third party withdraw the action system to maximize the exertion to restrain the malicious lawsuit and to protect the third party's rights and interests. Although the system of third party revocation in China is imported, through reasonable planning and construction, it will be able to form the post-event safeguard procedure with Chinese characteristics, and cooperate organically with the system of application for retrial and the execution of dissent system. Form a mature and perfect third party post-protection system.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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