强化外部监督倒逼机制是依法行政必由之路

发布时间：2018-05-07 00:00

本文选题：依法行政 + 外部监督　；参考：《学术界》2015年10期

【摘要】：法无授权不得行、法有授权必须行、行政行为程序化、违法行政必追究,是我国依法行政的基本要求。然而,通过对行政复议案件和行政诉讼案件的实证分析与定性研究发现,当前我国行政机关在"法无授权不得行"方面存在行政机关内外越位、左右越位、上下越位、区域越位、程序越位等无权行政问题;在"法有授权必须行"方面存在行政机关不严格依法作为、不主动作为、不合理作为、不诚信作为、不廉洁作为等无心行政问题;在"行政行为程序化"方面存在不按法定方式作为、不按法定顺序作为、不按法定期限作为等无序行政问题;在"违法行政必受追究"方面存在行政复议维持率过高、纠错率低及行政诉讼立案难、审判难、执行难带来的无责行政问题。产生这些问题的主要原因是中国公务员制度不完善,公务员没有真正形成依法行政的基础;人大监督、司法监督、社会监督等没有真正发挥倒逼行政机关依法行政的作用。世界上只有主要依靠外部监督实现依法行政的国家,而没有外部监督力量虚化、主要依靠行政机关内的自觉就实现依法行政的国家。今后只有通过完善外部督促行政机关依法行政的各种力量的作用,才能促使行政机关依法行政水平的改变。
[Abstract]:The basic requirement of our country's administration according to law is that the law is not authorized, the law must be authorized, and the administrative action should be programmed, and the illegal administration must be investigated. However, through the empirical analysis and qualitative analysis of administrative reconsideration cases and administrative litigation cases, it is found that there are offside, left and right offside, up and down offside in the aspect of "law without authorization" in the administrative organs of our country. Regional offside, procedure offside, etc., there are some unintentional administrative problems, such as "law has authorization must be carried out", administrative organs do not act strictly according to law, do not take the initiative, act unreasonably, act in bad faith, act incorruptibly and so on; In the aspect of "procedure of administrative act", there are some disorderly administrative problems, such as not acting according to the legal way, not acting according to the legal order, not acting according to the legal time limit, etc. In the aspect of "illegal administration must be investigated", the administrative reconsideration maintenance rate is too high, The low rate of error correction and the difficulty of filing the case, the trial and the execution of the administrative proceedings bring about the administrative problems without responsibility. The main reasons for these problems are that China's civil service system is not perfect, and civil servants have not really formed the basis of administration by law; the supervision by the people's Congress, judicial supervision, and social supervision have not really played the role of forcing the administrative organs to administer according to law. In the world, only countries that mainly rely on external supervision to realize administration according to law, but not countries whose external supervision power is fictitious, mainly rely on the consciousness of administrative organs to realize administration according to law. In the future, only by perfecting the functions of external forces that urge the administrative organs to administer according to law can they change the level of administration according to law.
【作者单位】：上海市文史研究馆;
【分类号】：D925.3;D922.1

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