要件事实理论与证明责任分配规则之研究

发布时间：2018-05-07 05:11

本文选题：证明责任 + 证明责任分配　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：证明责任问题是证据和证明制度的核心内容，是民事诉讼场合下对实体法进行解释、运用的重要措置。运用证明责任，关键是构建合理的证明责任分配规则，而合理的分配规则必将建立在完善的要件事实理论基础上。论文首先从证明责任与要件事实的关系入手，通过分析证明责任的两种内涵，来明确结果责任的分配对象，即要件事实。其次着重分析要件事实的基础理论，明确要件事实的概念、特征，要件事实理论的法理依据及其理论机能，进一步明晰要件事实理论对证明责任分配的关键作用。再次通过介绍证明责任分配基准的流变与发展过程，结合我国审判实践与立法现状，分析适合我国民事诉讼的证明责任分配标准，，即法律要件分类说，这一选择再次证明了要件事实在证明责任分配过程中的意义。最后是对证明责任分配规则的完善，其中分为要件事实理论框架内的修正与实质性考量因素的引入，以一般原则与例外规定的形式对证明责任分配规则进行补充、完善。论文试图通过对证明责任概念以及证明责任分配对象的界定，找到其与要件事实的关系，以要件事实理论的工具性、开放性弥补证明责任制度理论性、封闭性的不足，并从要件事实理论的角度对证明责任分配规则的完善提供一个可行的思路。
[Abstract]:The problem of burden of proof is the core content of evidence and proof system, and it is an important processing of the interpretation and application of substantive law in civil litigation. The key to the application of burden of proof is to construct reasonable rules of distribution of burden of proof, which will be based on the perfect theory of facts. This paper begins with the relationship between the burden of proof and the facts of the elements, and by analyzing the two connotations of the burden of proof, it clarifies the object of the distribution of the responsibility for the result, that is, the essential fact. Secondly, it analyzes the basic theory of essential facts, clarifies the concept and characteristics of important facts, the legal basis of the theory of important facts and its theoretical functions, and further clarifies the key role of the theory of facts in the distribution of burden of proof. Thirdly, by introducing the evolution and development of the standard of burden of proof distribution, combining with the current situation of trial practice and legislation in our country, this paper analyzes the standard of distribution of burden of proof, that is, the classification of legal elements, which is suitable for our country's civil litigation. This choice once again proves the significance of essential facts in the process of burden of proof. The last part is the perfection of the rules of burden of proof, which is divided into two parts: the revision within the framework of essential facts theory and the introduction of substantive factors, and the supplement and perfection of the rules of assignment of burden of proof in the form of general principles and exceptions. Through the definition of the concept of burden of proof and the object of distribution of burden of proof, this paper tries to find out the relationship between the concept of burden of proof and the fact of important elements, and to make up for the deficiency of theoretical and closed system of burden of proof with the instrumental nature of the theory of essential facts and openness. It also provides a feasible way to perfect the rules of burden of proof from the point of view of essential fact theory.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D915.13

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