检察公益诉讼法律制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-09 07:31

本文选题：检察机关 + 公益诉讼　；参考：《华中师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公益诉讼的目的是保护国家利益和社会公共利益。随着近年来我国社会经济的快速发展,公益诉讼作为一种全新的社会现象和法律现象,不断地涌入我们的视野,同时引发了理论界和实务界的热烈讨论和关注,而其中检察公益诉讼的问题尤其成为焦点。在目前新的一轮司法体制改革中,检察机关能否以主体身份办理公益诉讼,我国又将怎样构建合理的检察公益诉讼制度,成为摆在我们面前亟待解决的法律问题。党的十八届四中全会明确要求“探索建立检察机关提起公益诉讼制度”,进一步推动了检察机关公权监督和公益保护职能定位的逐步回归。本文分为三个部分进行分析阐述。从检察机关近年来在探索公益诉讼方面的司法实践入题,通过分析检察公益诉讼面临的无法可依、多重身份、诉讼结构、案件范围、诉权行使等方面存在的诸多问题,以构建我国检察公益诉讼制度为目的,对检察公益诉讼应遵循的立法原则、职责分配、程序设计等方面提出一些个人的完善建议。第一部分分析论证了检察公益诉讼的应然性问题。笔者从检察公益诉讼有其必要性和正当性两方面具体阐述检察公益诉讼符合诉讼法理,符合我国国内形势的客观要求。第二部分针对检察公益诉讼面临的案源和案件管辖原则不明确、案件启动条件不确定和办案主体模糊、检察机关定位不明确和救济对象错位、检察公益诉讼权责承担的不明确和地位冲突等诸多突出法律问题,逐一加以分析和说明。第三部分构建我国检察公益诉讼法律制度的具体设想。通过分析如何解决我国检察公益诉讼面临的法律问题,笔者从明确检察公益诉讼的受案范围和案件管辖原则,确立科学的诉讼启动条件和办案主体模式,明确检察公益诉讼的职能定位,以及明确检察公益诉讼的权责分配和避免公益诉权的滥用等方面为切入点进行研究,得出检察公益诉讼应包括的案件类型、诉讼程序、管辖规则等等。同时,针对防止检察机关公益诉权被滥用的问题,笔者也进行了分析,提出了相应的限制措施。
[Abstract]:The purpose of public interest litigation is to protect national interests and social public interests. With the rapid development of our country's social economy in recent years, public interest litigation, as a new social phenomenon and legal phenomenon, has continuously poured into our field of vision, which has aroused the heated discussion and attention of the theoretical and practical circles at the same time. And among them procuratorial public interest lawsuit's question becomes the focal point in particular. In the new round of judicial system reform, whether the procuratorial organ can handle the public interest litigation as the main body, how to construct the reasonable procuratorial public interest litigation system in our country will become the legal problem that needs to be solved urgently in front of us. The fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee explicitly requested "to explore the establishment of a public interest litigation system for procuratorial organs," which further promoted the gradual return of procuratorial organs' public power supervision and public welfare protection function orientation. This paper is divided into three parts for analysis and elaboration. From the judicial practice of procuratorial organs in exploring public interest litigation in recent years, through the analysis of the problems that the procuratorial public interest litigation faces in such aspects as the inability to rely on, the multiple identities, the litigation structure, the scope of the case, the exercise of the right of action, and so on, In order to construct the procuratorial public interest litigation system of our country, this paper puts forward some personal suggestions on the legislative principle, duty assignment and procedure design of the procuratorial public interest litigation. The first part analyzes and demonstrates the necessity of procuratorial public interest litigation. The author expounds that the procuratorial public interest litigation conforms to the procedural principle and meets the objective requirements of our domestic situation from the aspects of necessity and legitimacy. The second part aims at the lack of clear case source and case jurisdiction principle, the uncertainty of case starting condition and the ambiguity of case subject, the unclear position of procuratorial organ and the dislocation of relief object. This paper analyzes and explains many outstanding legal problems, such as the ambiguity and the status conflict of the power and responsibility of procuratorial public interest litigation. The third part constructs our country procuratorial public interest lawsuit legal system concrete assumption. Based on the analysis of how to solve the legal problems faced by procuratorial public interest litigation in China, the author defines the scope of cases and the principle of case jurisdiction, and establishes the scientific starting conditions of litigation and the mode of subject of handling cases. Make clear the function orientation of procuratorial public interest litigation, and make clear the distribution of power and responsibility of procuratorial public interest litigation and avoid the abuse of public interest litigation as the starting point to carry on the research, get the case type, lawsuit procedure that the procuratorial public interest lawsuit should include, Rules of jurisdiction, etc. At the same time, in order to prevent the procuratorial organs from abusing the right of public interest action, the author also analyzes and puts forward the corresponding restrictive measures.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.3

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