论我国刑事强制采样的程序规制

发布时间：2018-05-14 05:25

本文选题：刑事强制采样 + 侦查措施　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事强制采样作为侦查机关在司法实践中经常适用的一种强制性侦查措施，经过检验比对得到的证据对发现案件真相有着极其重要的作用。尤其是在现代医学技术与刑事侦查加速接轨的背景下，侦查机关对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人、受害人、第三人的毛发、指纹、血液、体液的采集和鉴定也越来越频繁。然而，这一趋势同时也激化了强制采样过程中侦查机关发现真相、惩罚犯罪与对被采集人基本权利的保障之间的矛盾。由于刑事强制采样是对被采样人的身体权的直接侵犯，在某些情况下，如需要开刀或是洗胃采取样本，其对被采样人的身体健康造成的伤害程度不低于暴力取证、超期羁押。所以强制采样的合法性应由基本法授予，程序应当受到严格的规制，否则将会导致侦查人员权力过分扩张，不利于对被采取人的基本权利保障。鉴此，笔者对我国刑事强制采样进行程序规制的探讨。本文共分为四个部分：第一章，是对刑事强制采样基本理论的阐述。对其概念进行清晰而合理的界定，是构建刑事强制采样制度的基石。本章节首先解释说明刑事强制采样的概念内涵，然后分析其性质，再将其与人身检查搜查、司法鉴定等概念进行区别比较，最后对刑事强制采样进行分类，为后续的程序启动和适用提供学理分类和标准。第二章，是对域外刑事强制采样制度的考察。本文重点介绍了德国、日本、美国、英国的相关刑事强制采样制度，并且进行比较法评论，分析其共同点、原则，总结经验，为我国刑事强制采样制度的构建提供合理的参考材料。第三章，是阐述我国刑事强制采样现状。在现有立法、学术研究、司法实践的基础上，总结我国刑事强制采样存在的问题，如立法规范粗疏、程序启动任意、审查程序弱化、监督保障缺位等一系列问题。随后，针对这些问题进行了探究，从我国刑事诉讼法重惩罚轻人权保障的立法、司法思想、查程序法治化滞后、公民维权的社会成本大以及维权意识淡薄等角度阐述原因。第四章，是笔者对建立我国刑事强制采样程序制度的一些建议。本章节以刑事强制采样程序应当遵循的基本原则为指导，从刑事强制采样程序的实施主体、适用对象、适用条件、提取程序四个方面展开阐述笔者的相关意见和构想。刑事强制采样不仅存在于侦查阶段，其同样适用于裁判阶段，同时还必须注意事后权利救济机制，，因此构建完整的刑事强制采样程序有必要对司法审查、救济程序以及相关配套程序进行研究。
[Abstract]:As a kind of compulsory investigation measure, criminal compulsory sampling is often applied by investigation organs in judicial practice. The evidence obtained by checking and comparing plays an extremely important role in discovering the truth of the case. Especially in the background of accelerating modern medical technology and criminal investigation, the collection and identification of the hair, fingerprints, blood and body fluids of suspects, defendants, victims and third persons are more and more frequent. However, this trend also intensifies the contradiction between detecting the truth, punishing the crime and guaranteeing the basic rights of the collected person in the process of compulsory sampling. Because the criminal compulsory sampling is a direct violation of the body right of the sampled person, in some cases, if the operation is needed or the stomach is taken to take the sample, the degree of injury to the physical health of the sampled person is not lower than that of the violent evidence collection, and the detention is extended. Therefore, the legality of compulsory sampling should be granted by the basic Law, and the procedure should be strictly regulated, otherwise, it will lead to the excessive expansion of the power of investigators, which is not conducive to the protection of the basic rights of the adopted persons. In view of this, the author probes into the procedural regulation of compulsory sampling in our country. This paper is divided into four parts: The first chapter is about the basic theory of criminal compulsory sampling. A clear and reasonable definition of the concept is the cornerstone of the criminal compulsory sampling system. This chapter first explains the connotation of the concept of criminal compulsory sampling, then analyzes its nature, then compares it with the concepts of personal inspection and search, judicial identification, and finally classifies the criminal compulsory sampling. To provide theoretical classification and criteria for the initiation and application of subsequent procedures. The second chapter is the investigation of the extraterritorial criminal compulsory sampling system. This paper focuses on the introduction of Germany, Japan, the United States, the United Kingdom, the relevant criminal compulsory sampling system, and carries on the comparative law review, analyzes its common ground, the principle, the summary experience, It provides reasonable reference material for the construction of compulsory sampling system in our country. The third chapter, is to elaborate our country criminal compulsory sampling present situation. On the basis of the existing legislation, academic research and judicial practice, this paper summarizes the problems existing in the compulsory sampling of criminal law in China, such as rudimentary legislation, arbitrary start of procedure, weakening of examination procedure, absence of supervision and guarantee, and so on. Then, this paper probes into these problems, from the point of view of the legislation of the criminal procedure law, the judicial thought, the legal system of the investigation procedure, the large social cost of the citizen's rights protection and the weak consciousness of protecting the rights, and so on. The fourth chapter is the author's suggestion to establish the criminal compulsory sampling procedure system in our country. This chapter is guided by the basic principles that the criminal compulsory sampling procedure should follow, and expounds the author's relevant opinions and ideas from four aspects: the subject of the criminal compulsory sampling procedure, the applicable object, the applicable conditions and the extraction procedure. The criminal compulsory sampling exists not only in the investigation stage, but also in the adjudication stage. At the same time, we must also pay attention to the relief mechanism of the right afterwards, so it is necessary to construct a complete criminal compulsory sampling procedure for judicial review. Relief procedures and related supporting procedures for research.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】