论我国刑事被害人国家救助制度的构建

发布时间：2018-05-14 20:28

本文选题：刑事被害人 + 权利保障　；参考：《华中师范大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：刑事被害人国家救助制度是指国家对遭受犯罪侵害的被害人及其亲属进行救助的一种制度。在世界范围内,新西兰、英国、美国等部分国家已经规定了刑事被害人国家救助制度,但目前,在我国现存的法律制度中对刑事被害人国家救助制度没有作出相关规定,仅规定刑事被害人可以通过提起刑事附带民事诉讼的方式来获得赔偿,而这种方式的赔偿范围小,缺少针对性,并且涉及到经济损失赔偿的诉讼还需要被害人自己提起,具有被动性,这使得刑事被害人不能及时获得赔偿,会对其造成“二次伤害”。因而,本文从我国的实际出发,在借鉴域外刑事被害人救助制度的基础上,提出构建我国刑事被害人国家救助制度,对符合条件的刑事被害人进行救助,保障其权益。本文共分为四个部分：第一部分论述了刑事被害人国家救助制度基本理论。对刑事被害人国家救助制度的含义进行了界定,提出了该制度存在的理论基础,并论述了刑事被害人国家救助制度的价值。第二部分介绍了刑事被害人国家救助制度的发展历程,以及域外刑事被害人救助制度立法概况,通过了解相关国家、地区的具体制度,为构建我国刑事被害人国家救助制度提供经验。第三部分对我国刑事被害人国家救助制度的现状进行了分析,明确了我国在国家立法层面存在空白,在各试点地区存在的救助对象、救助方式、救助金额以及救助程序等方面的不统一的情况,通过分析立法现状和实践现状明确我国构建该制度的必要性。第四部分主要对构建我国刑事被害人国家救助制度提出了相关建议。论述了我国构建该制度应坚持的原则,并对刑事被害人国家救助制度的内容做了具体的论述,包括救助的对象、条件、范围、方式、程序等几个方面。
[Abstract]:The system of state assistance for criminal victims refers to a system in which the state provides assistance to victims and their relatives who are victims of crime. In the world, some countries, such as New Zealand, Britain and the United States, have already stipulated the national assistance system for criminal victims. However, at present, there are no relevant provisions on the national assistance system for criminal victims in the existing legal system of our country. Providing only that criminal victims may obtain compensation through the initiation of civil proceedings incidental to criminal proceedings, which have a small scope of compensation, lack of pertinence and require the victims themselves to initiate proceedings involving compensation for economic losses, Passive, which makes the criminal victim can not get compensation in time, will cause "secondary injury". Therefore, this article starts from the reality of our country, on the basis of drawing lessons from the foreign criminal victim rescue system, puts forward the construction of our country criminal victim national rescue system, which can help the qualified criminal victim to protect their rights and interests. This paper is divided into four parts: The first part discusses the basic theory of the state assistance system for criminal victims. This paper defines the meaning of the state assistance system for criminal victims, puts forward the theoretical basis for the existence of the system, and discusses the value of the national assistance system for criminal victims. The second part introduces the development of the national assistance system for criminal victims, as well as the legislative overview of the extraterritorial criminal victim relief system, through the understanding of the specific systems of the countries and regions concerned. To provide experience for the construction of national assistance system for criminal victims in our country. The third part has carried on the analysis to our country criminal victim national aid system present situation, has defined our country in the national legislation level existence blank, exists in each pilot area to rescue the object, the rescue way, By analyzing the current situation of legislation and practice, the necessity of constructing this system in China is clarified. In the fourth part, the author puts forward some suggestions on the construction of national assistance system for criminal victims in our country. This paper discusses the principles that should be adhered to in the construction of this system in our country, and makes a concrete exposition on the content of the national relief system for criminal victims, including the object, condition, scope, method, procedure and so on.
【学位授予单位】：华中师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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