群体性消费者纠纷诉讼机制研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 16:56

本文选题：群体性消费者纠纷 + 群体诉讼　；参考：《中国计量学院》2016年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代社会已经进入一个大规模生产、大规模消费的规模经济时代。消费者侵权事件也呈现出“规模化倾向”。“惠普质量门”事件与三鹿奶粉事件两个典型案例,充分表明群体性消费者纠纷呈现出受侵害消费者的多数性、复杂性、分散性,侵权行为的同质性,纠纷双方地位差距大,社会影响大,危害社会公共利益,以及诉讼救济机制的实质缺乏等特点。我国《消法》中规定了五种消费者纠纷的解决方式:和解、调解、申诉、仲裁以及诉讼。其中前四种非诉解决机制在执行力、可操作性等方面力度不足,诉讼解决机制具有更大的优越性。我国传统诉讼机制中的单一诉讼与共同诉讼不能满足群体性纠纷的需求,因而群体诉讼机制的构建就显得尤为必要。要构建完善的群体诉讼机制,首先要明确群体诉讼的概念。概念的确定对于司法实践与理论研究都具有重要的意义。我国群体性消费纠纷诉讼机制的立法与实践具有自身的特点,司法实践中法院在处理群体性纠纷时主要运用了单独立案、合并审理,代表人诉讼,以及公益诉讼等方式。其中代表人诉讼是我国主要的群体诉讼制度,发展较为悠久,但是由于其在制度设计上仍存在缺陷,加上法院对其态度冷漠,司法实践中我国适用代表人诉讼制度的情形并不多见。2013年新修订的《民事诉讼法》施行之后,我国正式确立了公益诉讼制度,2014年新《消法》规定了市及市以上的消费者协会享有公益诉权,2015年《民事诉讼法》司法解释对公益诉讼的具体规则作出了比较详细的规定,我们有理由相信公益诉讼在维护消费者权益、解决群体性消费者纠纷方面将发挥更大的作用。我国在构建代表人诉讼制度时,借鉴了日本的选定当事人制度等域外机制。对域外有关群体性消费者纠纷诉讼机制的考察,可以充实我国群体诉讼的理论,更好的构建群体诉讼制度。完善群体诉讼的制度构建,首先要回答的是改革的价值取向,其次才能针对代表人诉讼与公益诉讼等具体制度的特点,提出相应的建议。
[Abstract]:The modern society has entered a large-scale production, large-scale consumption in the scale of economies of scale. Consumer infringement incidents also show a "scale tendency". "HP quality door" event and Sanlu milk powder incident two typical cases, fully show that the mass consumer disputes show the majority, complexity, dispersion of the infringed consumer. Sex, the homogeneity of the tort, the large gap between the two sides of the dispute, the great social influence, the harm to the social public interest, and the lack of the substance of the remedy mechanism of the litigation. In China, there are five ways to solve the disputes of consumers: reconciliation, mediation, appeals, arbitration and litigation. In our traditional litigation mechanism, the single litigation and the common litigation can not meet the needs of the group disputes, so the construction of the group litigation mechanism is particularly necessary. To build a perfect group litigation mechanism, we should first define the concept of group litigation. The determination of the concept is of great significance to both judicial practice and theoretical research. The legislation and practice of the litigation mechanism of mass consumption disputes in our country have its own characteristics. In judicial practice, the court mainly uses a separate case, combined trial, representative litigation, and public interest litigation in dealing with group disputes. Human litigation is the main group litigation system in our country and has a long development. But because of its defects in the system design, and the indifference of the attitude of the court to it, the application of the representative litigation system in our country is not much seen in the case of the newly revised "Civil Procedure Law" in.2013. The system, in 2014, the new < digestion law > stipulates the Consumer Association of the city and the city to enjoy the right of public interest. In 2015, the judicial interpretation of the civil procedure law makes a detailed regulation on the specific rules of public interest litigation. We have reason to believe that public interest litigation will play a greater role in maintaining consumer rights and solving group consumer disputes. When constructing the system of representative litigation, our country draws on the extraterritorial mechanism of the selected litigant system in Japan and other extraterritorial mechanisms. The investigation of the litigation mechanism of foreign group consumer disputes can enrich the theory of the group litigation in our country, build a better system of group litigation and perfect the system of group litigation. The first thing to answer is the reform. Secondly, we should put forward corresponding suggestions for the specific characteristics of representative litigation and public interest litigation.

【学位授予单位】：中国计量学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.1

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