论我国死刑案件无效辩护制度的构建

发布时间：2018-05-19 01:24

本文选题：死刑案件辩护标准 + 无效辩护　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：现代刑事诉讼制度的发展离不开辩护制度的不断完善。扩充辩护权的权利内涵、保障辩护权的行使、完善辩护权的救济是建立先进刑事诉讼制度的重要环节。2012年修改后的《刑事诉讼法》丰富了辩护制度的内涵,加强了刑事司法改革倡导的对抗制因素,并为律师充分发挥辩护职能提供了制度上的依据和保障。在此基础上,学界对于辩护制度的关注从保障辩护权的享有这一角度逐渐转移到关注辩护权的行使和救济,尤其关注死刑案件的辩护质量以及对死刑被告辩护权的程序内救济。在我国,如果辩护律师怠于职守,侵犯被追诉人的辩护权,对其救济的手段通常是民事赔偿、纪律处分或行政处罚。这些救济措施更注重的是对律师不称职行为的预防,对于该被追诉人在刑事案件中受到的不公正对待未提供实质的救济途径。死刑的严厉性使得辩护权的有效行使和及时救济对于死刑被告具有重大意义,在死刑案件中,侵害被告人辩护权的代价是巨大的。“无救济就无权利”,既然辩护权的应有之义包括被追诉人获得律师的有效帮助,则对有效辩护的重视将合乎逻辑地产生出这一权利受到侵害时如何救济的问题。无效辩护制度关注辩护质量问题,致力于救济被告辩护权,消解辩护权分离带来的风险,对于促进控辩平衡、实现司法公正具有重要意义。我国应当在死刑案件中借鉴该制度,并构建符合中国国情的死刑案件无效辩护制度。死刑案件无效辩护制度源于对抗制国家,该制度发展至今具有丰富的实践经验。我国学者对于提高死刑案件辩护质量提出了不少对策,但对于在我国构建无效辩护制度这一解决路径持有截然相反的态度。本文针对支持者和反对者的主要观点,从中国现有的文化背景、司法环境、律师素质和制度约束四方面进行探讨和评述,以论证通过在我国构建死刑案件无效辩护制度,来提高死刑辩护质量、救济死刑被告受侵害的辩护权的可行性和必要性,并进一步提出了我国死刑案件无效辩护制度的具体构建。本文认为辩护权内含“有效性”这一权利要素,获得有效辩护是享有辩护权的应有之义。在相关概念辨析方面,有效辩护是一种先进的刑事司法理念,无效辩护是保障有效辩护理念的具体制度。死刑案件无效辩护制度从权利基础、制度主体、功能定位、价值追求和法律后果等五个方面具有丰富内涵,并以人权保障、程序正义和程序性制裁作为指导理论。我国在建设法治国家的过程中,对于人权和程序的重视、审判中心主义改革的提出、“少杀、慎杀”刑事政策的践行以及提高死刑案件辩护质量的现实需求都为无效辩护制度的引入提供了契机和条件。在制度构建上,我国应制定统一的死刑案件辩护标准,针对严重的律师失职辩护和政府阻挠辩护行为总结出无效辩护的判定标准,同时应当构建与之相适应的配套制度,提高死刑指定辩护案件的律师保障,建立死刑案件辩护律师的准入制度等等。
[Abstract]:The development of the modern criminal procedure system is inseparable from the continuous improvement of the defense system, the expansion of the right connotation of the right to defense, the protection of the exercise of the right to defense, and the improvement of the remedy for the right to defence, which is an important link in the establishment of the advanced criminal procedure system, which has enriched the connotation of the system of defense after the revision of the criminal procedure law for.2012 years, and has strengthened the advocacy of the reform of criminal justice. On the basis of this, the attention of the academic community to the defense system is gradually transferred to the exercise and relief of the right to defense, especially the quality of the defense of the death penalty and the right to defense of the death penalty defendant. In our country, in our country, if the defence counsel is slack in the duty and infringes the right of the accused, the means of the remedies are usually civil compensation, disciplinary or administrative punishment. These relief measures pay more attention to the prevention of the incompetence of the lawyer and the unjust treatment of the accused in the criminal case. The severity of the death penalty makes the effective exercise of the right of defense and the timely relief to the defendant of the death penalty of great significance. In the death penalty case, the cost of the right to defend the defendant is huge. "No relief is not right", since the right of the right of Defense includes the effective help of the accused to the lawyer. The importance of effective defense will be logical real estate to create the problem of how this right is infringed. The invalid defense system pays attention to the problem of defense quality, is committed to the remedy of the defendant's right to defend the defense, and dispels the risk caused by the separation of the right of defense. It is of great significance to promote the balance of the defense and defense and realize the justice of the law. The system is used for reference, and the system of invalidation defense in death penalty cases is constructed in accordance with China's national conditions. The system of invalid defense of the death penalty cases originated from the antagonism state. The system has been developed with rich practical experience so far. On the basis of the main views of the supporters and opponents, this paper discusses and reviews the four aspects of China's existing cultural background, judicial environment, the quality of lawyers and institutional constraints, in order to demonstrate the improvement of the quality of the death penalty by the construction of the invalid defense system in the death penalty case in China, and to remedy the death penalty. The feasibility and necessity of the right to defend the infringement, and further put forward the concrete construction of the system of invalid defense in the death penalty case in our country. This article holds that the right of defense contains the right element of "validity", and the effective defence is the right of the right to defend. In the related concept discrimination, effective defense is an advanced criminal. Judicial idea, invalid defense is the concrete system to guarantee the effective defense concept. The invalid defense system in the death penalty case has rich connotations in five aspects, such as the basis of the rights, the main body of the system, the function orientation, the pursuit of value and the legal consequences, and the theory of the protection of human rights, procedural justice and procedural sanctions. In the process, the emphasis on human rights and procedures, the reform of the trial centralism, the practice of the criminal policy of "less killing, careful killing" and the actual demand for improving the quality of the defense of death penalty cases provide the opportunity and conditions for the introduction of the invalid defense system. The serious lawyer's defenses and the government's obstruction of defense summarize the criteria for the judgment of the invalid defense. At the same time, the supporting system should be constructed to improve the protection of the lawyer in the case of the death penalty, and to establish the admittance system of the defense lawyer in the death penalty case and so on.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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