论美国社区调解制度

发布时间：2018-05-19 02:02

本文选题：美国社区调解 + 志愿者　；参考：《湘潭大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：上世纪七、八十年代,管理的社区化模式就已盘踞于许多国家之中。这种趋势在纠纷解决领域的直接对应是:社区调解。社区调解作为范围更为广泛的ADR运动中的一部分,其崛起是在法庭之外的非正式语境下,把纠纷解决进行地方化处理的一种尝试。社区调解的理念和制度发端于美国,是一种以社区为依托,主要由社区志愿者担任调解人,并主要解决社区成员之间小型纠纷的一种非诉讼纠纷解决程序。在历经几十年的发展与完善之后,其已成为当代美国调解的主要类型之一,并形成了一套相对成熟且有别于其他调解机制的运作模式与流程。社区调解的存在不仅满足了美国诉讼系统减压的需求,还对美国基层社会的治理能力与凝聚力的提升都产生了不小的影响。我国正处在社会转型的关键时期,并且随着我国社区制度的逐渐形成,各种社会问题也会往社区汇集,在对传统的调解经验进行传承的同时,美国在社区调解制度上的经验与做法也许能给我国的社区纠纷处理与基层治理带来一丝灵感。鉴此,文章首先对美国社区调解的发展概况和组织模式进行分析,探讨了美国社区调解的基本特点、组织模式和历史背景。其次,文中对美国社区调解的核心力量——志愿者进行了深入分析,介绍了志愿者采用的三种调解方式:促进式调解、评估式调解和转换式调解。再者,文章对社区调解的基本流程和其中的创新应用展开探讨。最后,文章立足中国问题,思考社区调解对美国社会的现实影响与发展困境问题;在此前提下,文章将美国社区调解与我国社区人民调解进行了比较分析,以期在厘清区别的基础上,参考借鉴美国社区调解制度的有益成分。
[Abstract]:In the 1970 s and 1980 s, the mode of community management had been in many countries. The direct correspondence of this trend in the field of dispute resolution is: community mediation. As a part of the broader ADR movement, the rise of community mediation is an attempt to localize dispute resolution in the informal context outside the court. The concept and system of community mediation originated in the United States is a kind of non-litigation dispute settlement procedure which is based on the community mainly by community volunteers as mediators and mainly solves small disputes among community members. After decades of development and improvement, it has become one of the main types of mediation in contemporary America, and has formed a set of relatively mature and different from other mediation mechanism operation mode and process. The existence of community mediation not only meets the need of American litigation system to decompress, but also has a great influence on the improvement of governance ability and cohesion of American grass-roots society. Our country is in the critical period of social transformation, and with the gradual formation of our community system, various social problems will also come together to the community, while passing on the traditional mediation experience. The experience and practice of American community mediation system may bring some inspiration to our country's community dispute management and grass-roots governance. In view of this, the article first analyzes the development and organization mode of American community mediation, and probes into the basic characteristics, organizational model and historical background of American community mediation. Secondly, the paper analyzes the core force of American community mediation-volunteers, and introduces three mediation methods: facilitation mediation, evaluation mediation and transformational mediation. Furthermore, the paper discusses the basic process and innovative application of community mediation. Finally, based on the Chinese problem, the article thinks about the realistic influence of community mediation on American society and its development dilemma, and then makes a comparative analysis of American community mediation and Chinese community mediation. In order to clarify the differences, reference to the beneficial elements of the American community mediation system.
【学位授予单位】：湘潭大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D971.2;DD916

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