刑事被害人国家补偿制度探析

发布时间：2018-05-19 03:37

本文选题：刑事被害人 + 国家补偿　；参考：《深圳大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：被害人参与刑事诉讼程序的目的不仅是希望惩罚加害人,当然也是为了希望得到赔偿。犯罪行为对生命权和健康权以及精神上的创伤是难以估量的,作为刑事诉讼的当事人一方,被害人当然希望犯罪人在受到刑罚惩治的时候还能得到损害的赔偿。但是由于司法实践中存在的问题以及被告人无力支付赔偿导致很多被害人得不到应有的赔偿。部分刑事被害人可能会因为无法获得赔偿而陷入生活困境,对司法产生不信任,进而对社会产生报复转化为新的犯罪人,不利于社会的稳定。纵观国外的被害人国家补偿制度,可以对无法得到赔偿的被害方进行一定的救济,安抚受害人,缓和社会矛盾,恢复司法信赖。中国大陆没有正式建立起该项制度,但在司法实践中被害人无法获得赔偿的现象严重,一些省份已经开始进行救助试点工作,对无法获得赔偿而陷入生活困境的被害人进行救济,这说明了我国对被害人救济的急切性。这种做法固然可以保护被害人的利益,但在救济的现实中存在许多的问题。以此作为背景,本文想要探讨的是在我国构建统一的对被害人进行经济补偿的国家补偿制度是否可行,以及构建该制度需要依据的理论及要如何构建的问题。通过研究他国的被害国家补偿制度,适当借鉴他国的优秀实践经验,在我国构建统一的被害国家补偿制度及立法。全文一共分为五章。第一章探讨刑事被害人国家补偿制度中的基本概念等问题及其价值分析。第二章对国外一些国家主要的被害补偿制度的立法基本内容进行介绍和对比,归纳出他国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的异同点,为我国提供参考。第三章分析建立该项制度的一些基础理论,为该制度建立提供理论根据。第四章对我国建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度的必要原因和可行原因进行分析,说明我国建立该项制度的现实急切性。第五章探讨我国建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度的具体设计,以期为该项制度的建立能够尽绵薄之力。
[Abstract]:The purpose of the victim's participation in the criminal procedure is not only to punish the perpetrator, but also to obtain compensation. The crime is incalculable to the right to life and the right to health as well as the mental trauma. As a party to the criminal procedure, the victim of course hopes that the offender can also get compensation for the damage when he is punished by the penalty. However, due to the problems in judicial practice and the defendant's inability to pay compensation, many victims can not get due compensation. Some criminal victims may get into a difficult life because they can not get compensation, and they will not trust the judicature, and then retaliate against the society and turn it into a new criminal, which is not conducive to the stability of the society. Looking at the national compensation system of the victims abroad, we can provide relief to the victims who can not get compensation, appease the victims, ease the social contradictions, and restore the judicial trust. This system has not been formally established in mainland China, but in judicial practice, the phenomenon of the victims being unable to obtain compensation is serious. Some provinces have already started to carry out pilot rescue work. The relief to the victims who can not get compensation and get into the plight of life shows the urgency of relief to the victims in our country. This approach can protect the interests of victims, but there are many problems in the reality of relief. In this context, this paper wants to discuss whether it is feasible to construct a unified national compensation system for the victims in China, and how to build the system based on the theory and how to build it. By studying the national compensation system of other countries and drawing on the excellent practical experience of other countries, this paper constructs a unified national compensation system and legislation in our country. The full text is divided into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the basic concept of criminal victim compensation system and its value analysis. The second chapter introduces and compares the basic contents of the legislation of the main compensation system for victims in some foreign countries, sums up the similarities and differences of the national compensation system of criminal victims in other countries, and provides reference for our country. The third chapter analyzes some basic theories of establishing the system, and provides theoretical basis for the establishment of the system. The fourth chapter analyzes the necessary and feasible reasons for the establishment of national compensation system for criminal victims in our country, and explains the urgency of establishing the system in our country. The fifth chapter discusses the concrete design of establishing the national compensation system for criminal victims in our country, in order to contribute to the establishment of the system.
【学位授予单位】：深圳大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】