审判中心主义下刑事证人强制出庭制度研究

发布时间：2018-05-24 20:47

  本文选题：审判中心主义 + 强制出庭　； 参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：党的十八届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于全面推进依法治国若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)提出推进“以审判为中心”的诉讼制度改革,要求发挥刑事诉讼中庭审的实质作用。庭审中的主要作用就要认定证据,而证人出庭率低一直是困扰我国刑事司法的重要难题。除了我国公民本身厌诉、息诉的诉讼传统外,侦查、检察和审判机关在刑事诉讼中形成的职能趋同性是刑事审判中证人出庭率低的主要原因。2012年修改的《刑事诉讼法》新增了证人强制出庭作证制度,但是在实践中并没有被有效采用。这是因为首先在刑事司法领域中没有形成“以审判为中心”的理念及证人强制出庭作证制度的形成基础,导致我国现行制度在司法实践中很难运行,存在很多问题。本文通过分析实践中我国证人强制出庭制度存在的问题以及对域外制度的考察,得出完善我国证人强制出庭制度要转变相关的固有理念,明确证人范围以及法律后果,加强证人保障措施。本文第一部分,分析了审判中心主义下刑事证人强制出庭制度的背景及现状。首先,明确审判中心主义的提出背景及改革方向。在我国刑事司法实践中缺乏审判中心主义观念,其实质是庭审作用在刑事司法程序中的缺失。因此,推进审判中心主义的刑事诉讼制度改革毋庸置疑。其次,进一步阐述刑事证人强制出庭作证的制度的形成基础及意义。最后,分析我国刑事证人强制出庭制度的现状。本文第二部分,分析审判中心主义理念下我国刑事证人强制出庭现有制度及实践操作性中存在的问题。主要从以下几个方面:立法的原则性未明确及存在的矛盾、证人强制出庭作证的范围狭窄、证人拒不作证的法律后果的缺失以及证人保护和补偿制度的不健全。本文第三部分,比较英美法系与大陆法系各国家和地区的理论及立法规定的差异,并加以评论,提出我国在审判中心主义下完善刑事证人强制出庭制度的司法需求及可行经验。本文第四部分,基于以上三部分的分析了解,提出笔者对审判中心主义下完善我国刑事证人出庭制度的建议。首先,树立“以审判为中心”的刑事司法理念。其次,实行直接言辞原则与传闻证据规则。再次,确立我国刑事证人强制出庭作证的范围。即应当出庭作证的证人范围及对司法权的抑制。同时,健全证人拒不作证的法律强制措施和程序。这主要是考虑该制度在司法实务中的可行性。最后,完善我国证人保护及经济补偿制度,使得证人出庭作证尽量减少其后顾之忧,鼓励其主动出庭作证。
[Abstract]:The "decision of the CPC Central Committee on comprehensively promoting the Rule of Law on several important issues" (hereinafter referred to as "decision") adopted by the fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee proposes to promote the reform of the litigation system of "taking trial as the center". To give play to the substantive role of trial in criminal proceedings. The main function of the trial is to identify the evidence, and the low attendance rate of witnesses has always been an important problem puzzling the criminal justice in our country. In addition to the litigation tradition of our citizens, which is tired of litigation and interest, investigation, The convergence of functions between procuratorial and judicial organs in criminal proceedings is the main reason for the low attendance rate of witnesses in criminal trials. The Criminal procedure Law, which was amended in 2012, has added the system of compulsory attendance of witnesses to testify in court. But it is not used effectively in practice. This is because, first of all, the concept of "taking trial as the center" and the foundation of the system of compulsory witness appearing in court are not formed in the field of criminal justice, which leads to the fact that the current system of our country is very difficult to run in the judicial practice, and there are many problems. Based on the analysis of the problems existing in the system of compulsory appearance of witnesses in our country and the investigation of the extraterritorial system in practice, this paper draws a conclusion that the perfection of the system of compulsory attendance of witnesses in China should change the relevant inherent concepts, clarify the scope of witnesses and the legal consequences. Strengthen witness protection measures. The first part of this paper analyzes the background and present situation of the compulsory appearance of criminal witnesses under the doctrine of trial center. First of all, make clear the background and reform direction of trial centralism. In our country's criminal judicial practice, the lack of the concept of trial centralism, its essence is the lack of the role of the trial in the criminal justice process. Therefore, there is no doubt that the reform of the criminal procedure system to promote the trial center doctrine. Secondly, the formation basis and significance of the system of compulsory appearance of criminal witnesses are further elaborated. Finally, the paper analyzes the current situation of the compulsory appearance of criminal witnesses in our country. In the second part, the author analyzes the problems existing in the existing system and practical operation of the compulsory appearance of criminal witnesses in China under the concept of trial centrism. Mainly from the following aspects: the principle of legislation is not clear and there are contradictions, witnesses forced to testify in a narrow range, the lack of legal consequences of witness refusal to testify, and witness protection and compensation system is not perfect. In the third part of this paper, the author compares the differences between the common law system and the continental law system countries and regions, and comments on the judicial needs and practical experience of perfecting the compulsory court attendance system of criminal witnesses under the doctrine of judicial centralism in our country. The fourth part of this paper, based on the above three parts of the analysis and understanding, the author of the trial center doctrine to improve the system of criminal witnesses in court. First of all, set up the criminal justice idea of "taking the trial as the center". Secondly, implement the principle of direct words and hearsay evidence rules. Thirdly, to establish the scope of compulsory testimony of criminal witnesses in our country. That is, the scope of witnesses who should testify in court and the suppression of judicial power. At the same time, improve the legal coercive measures and procedures for witnesses refusing to testify. This is mainly to consider the feasibility of the system in judicial practice. Finally, we should perfect the system of witness protection and economic compensation, make the witness appear in court as much as possible to reduce their worries, and encourage them to take the initiative to testify in court.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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本文编号：1930492