公安机关司法鉴定问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-28 04:21

本文选题：司法鉴定 + 侦查　；参考：《内蒙古大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：公安机关一直是我国最主要的侦查主体,其司法鉴定于二十世纪五十年代起步并作为重要的侦查手段,在打击犯罪,维护社会秩序上起到了积极作用。在改革开放后,相关研究加强,引进域外的相关理念与制度,树立了作为证据的司法鉴定必须具备中立性的理念。这就与公安机关一直以来将鉴定机构和人员从属于侦查部门的现实存在冲突,而“自侦自鉴”在一系列冤假错案中的消极作用又加剧了这方面的争议。2005年《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于司法鉴定管理问题的决定》(下简称《决定》)的颁布,表明国家在保留公安机关司法鉴定的前提下,试图以司法部统一管理鉴定领域的体制消解“自侦自鉴”带来的问题,但《决定》受到了公安部门的抵触。2012年新修订的《刑事诉讼法》依旧沿用了以往法律中鉴定从属于侦查的体系,但是,结构性问题导致的“自侦自鉴”难题仍然没有得到解决。因此,要在贯彻《决定》的基础上,试图消解“自侦自鉴”这一弊病,理清条理,促进公安机关侦查和司法鉴定的发展,就必须研究公安机关的司法鉴定。本文将通过实证分析法,参考域外相关规定,试图对相关理论和现状,具体通过以下四个部分进行探讨：第一个部分是公安机关司法鉴定的概述。这里将就相关的概念、性质、特性以及作用等进行研究,找出二者的区别所在,从而理清公安机关的司法鉴定这一制度的相关内容和现状。第二部分是我国公安机关司法鉴定的立法与不足。通过对制度整体进行相关研究,找出公安机关司法鉴定在立法、理论与实践中的一些问题。第三部分是域外相关制度的考察。这部分内容主要是介绍英美、德法和俄罗斯的相关制度,了解其运行现状。第四部分是公安机关司法鉴定的规制建议。笔者试图在立法、理念、管理体制、研究思路和人才培养上提出自己的一些建议,从而促进侦查工作,避免“自侦自鉴”的弊端,达到维护社会安定和充分利用司法资源,打击犯罪与保护人权并举之效。
[Abstract]:The public security organ has always been the most important subject of investigation in our country. Its judicial expertise started in the 1950s and as an important investigative means, it has played an active role in cracking down on crime and maintaining social order. After the reform and opening up, relevant research has been strengthened, and foreign concepts and systems have been introduced to establish the idea that forensic expertise as evidence must be neutral. This is in conflict with the reality that public security organs have been subordinating appraisal agencies and personnel to investigative departments, However, the negative role of "self-investigation and self-learning" in a series of cases of injustice, falsehood and error has exacerbated the controversy in this respect. In 2005, the "decision of the standing Committee of the National people's Congress on the Administration of Judicial expertise" (hereinafter referred to as "decision") was promulgated. It shows that the state, on the premise of retaining the judicial expertise of public security organs, attempts to resolve the problems caused by "self-investigation and self-identification" by the unified management system of the Ministry of Justice in the field of appraisal. But the decision has been contradicted by the public security department. The 2012 revised Criminal procedure Law still follows the system of identification subordinate to investigation in previous laws, but the problem of "self-detection and self-identification" caused by structural problems has still not been solved. Therefore, on the basis of carrying out "decision", we must study the judicial identification of public security organs in order to resolve the shortcoming of "self-detection and self-identification", to clear up the order and to promote the development of investigation and judicial expertise of public security organs. This article will pass the empirical analysis method, the reference overseas correlation stipulation, attempts to the correlation theory and the present situation, through the following four parts concretely carries on the discussion: the first part is the public security organ judicial appraisal summary. In this paper, we will study the related concepts, properties, characteristics and functions, and find out the differences between the two, so as to clarify the relevant contents and present situation of the system of judicial identification of public security organs. The second part is the legislation and deficiency of judicial expertise of public security organs in China. By studying the system as a whole, we find out some problems in the legislation, theory and practice of the judicial expertise of public security organs. The third part is the investigation of the relevant system. This part is mainly to introduce the Anglo-American, German and French and Russian related systems, to understand the current situation of its operation. The fourth part is the public security organ judicial appraisal regulation suggestion. The author tries to put forward some suggestions on legislation, idea, management system, research train of thought and talent training, so as to promote the investigation work, avoid the malpractice of "self-detection and self-warning", and achieve the goal of maintaining social stability and making full use of judicial resources. Fighting crime and protecting human rights work together.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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