刑事司法激励供述机制探究

发布时间：2018-05-28 10:51

本文选题：口供 + 坦白从宽　；参考：《南京大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：犯罪嫌疑人、被告人供述作为一种直接证据,对案件的快速侦破以及准确定罪量刑都具有重大价值,因此刑事侦查与审判实践中司法机关对犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的供述有着相当大的依赖。然而一方面出于趋利避害的本能以及犯罪后的侥幸心理,犯罪嫌疑人往往不愿供述或者容易做出虚假供述；另一方面新刑事诉讼法的修改进一步从程序上限制了司法人员的权力,二者都加大了口供获取难度。在保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人基本权益的前提下,司法机关该如何有效激励犯罪嫌疑人作出供述,并最终高效、合法地获取口供成为本文研究的出发点。为了鼓励犯罪嫌疑人供述,各法治国家都在获取犯罪嫌疑人、被告人口供方面进行了积极探索,辩诉交易、规避米兰达规则、作证豁免制度都是在获取犯罪嫌疑人、被告人口供上很好的尝试。我国立法明文规定了自首、立功制度来鼓励犯罪嫌疑人供述；新刑法、刑事诉讼法也将坦白从宽正式写入法律,充分鼓励犯罪嫌疑人供述；司法实践中各级司法机关也多有创举,典型的如“綦江彩虹桥坍塌案”的疑似辩诉交易行为。但在实践中,自首、立功、坦白制度不仅没有充分发挥应有的效果,而且产生了不同程度的“副作用”；三种制度本身在从宽幅度的衔接上也存在一些问题；因为立法本身的缺失,实践中各种创举更是于法无据。因此,系统的探索并构建我国的口供获取激励机制,对于解决实践中存在的口供难问题意义重大。在梳理我国法律规定及司法实践相关做法的基础上,文章重点分析了现有口供获取制度存在的问题,并引入马斯洛需要理论分析激励供述机制的制度框架,主张构建一个包括激励机制与保障机制在内的口供获取制度,希望对构建我国的口供获取激励机制有所裨益。文章共分为六个部分。第一部分是问题的提出。文章通过綦江彩虹桥垮塌案的争议引出我国司法实践中口供获取存在的问题。以綦江彩虹桥坍塌案为例,在法律没有明文规定的情况下,为了证明受贿事实的存在,检察机关对与其合作的行贿人的行贿罪免于起诉。该案的做法是我国口供获取激励机制一次很好的司法实践,但同时也产生了巨大的争议：鼓励犯罪嫌疑人供述在情理之中,那么如何让这些做法也在法理之中?第二部分是研究的必要性。文章分析了口供重要性与口供获取难这一矛盾命题。在这一矛盾命题下,探讨激励供述机制的构建很有必要。第三部分是激励供述机制的内涵。文章依次分析了激励供述的定义以及影响当事人供述的因素；激励供述机制的定义与激励供述机制的构成：激励机制、保障机制；从法律角度界定口供的自愿性程度。第四部分是激励供述机制的理论探讨。主要是激励供述机制的理论基础与制度价值。激励供述机制的理论基础分为正当性理论与可行性理论,正当性理论包括恢复性司法、重新融合性耻辱理论、和谐社会;可行性理论,文章引入了马斯洛需要理论探讨激励供述机制的构建。激励供述机制主要有三个制度价值：一是可以探索新的口供获取方式,遏制刑讯逼供这一顽疾；二是在与司法机关的互动中引导当事人悔罪认罪,更好的复归社会,实现刑法的一般预防与特殊预防；三是通过口供这一载体,更好的评估犯罪嫌疑人的人身危险性,实现量刑正义。第五部分是我国激励供述机制的立法考察。一是梳理了我国既有的自首、立功与坦白制度；二是分析了这些制度存在的问题；三是从激励机制与保障机制视角分析现有制度对犯罪嫌疑人鼓励作用的不足。第六部分是激励供述机制在我国的具体构建。一是激励制度层面,要以明确的法律规定来体现对犯罪嫌疑人的如实供述的鼓励；二是保障机制层面,要兑现司法承诺、加强对犯罪嫌疑人及其家属的保护、发展讯问科学,提高审讯技巧。
[Abstract]:As a direct evidence , the confession of the suspect and the defendant is of great value to the quick detection of the case and the accurate conviction .
On the other hand , the amendment of the new criminal procedure law further restricts the judicial personnel ' s power from the procedure . Both of them increase the difficulty of obtaining the confession . In order to encourage the suspects and the defendants to provide the basic rights and interests , how to effectively motivate the criminal suspects to make a statement and eventually efficiently and legitimately acquire the confession becomes the starting point of the study . In order to encourage the criminal suspects to supply , the State of the rule of law has made a good attempt to obtain the criminal suspects and defendants .
The new criminal law , criminal procedure law will also be frank and formally written into the law , fully encourage the criminal suspect to supply ;
The judicial organs at all levels in the judicial practice also have an initiative , typical such as the " Qijiang Rainbow Bridge Collapse " suspected of the transaction behavior . But in practice , the self - first , based work , the frank system not only give full play to the due effect , but also produce different degree of " side effect " ;
There are some problems in the cohesion of the three systems themselves .
This paper analyzes the existing problems in our country ' s judicial practice and puts forward the system framework including the incentive mechanism and the safeguard mechanism , and advocates the construction of an oral confession system including the incentive mechanism and the safeguard mechanism .
The definition of incentive and supply mechanism and the structure of incentive and supply mechanism : incentive mechanism and safeguard mechanism ;
The fourth part is the theoretical foundation and the system value of the incentive and supply mechanism . The theory foundation of the incentive and supply mechanism is divided into the theory of legitimacy and the feasibility theory , the legitimacy theory includes restorative justice , re - integration shame theory and harmonious society ; the feasibility theory , the article introduces Maslow ' s need theory to discuss the construction of incentive and supply mechanism .
Second , in the interaction with the judiciary , the party should guide the crime of repentance , better return to society , and realize the general prevention and special prevention of criminal law ;
Third , through oral confession of the carrier , it is better to evaluate the personal danger of the criminal suspect and realize the justice of sentencing . The fifth part is the legislative examination of the mechanism of incentive and supply in our country .
The second is the analysis of the problems existing in these systems ;
The third is to analyze the deficiency of the existing system from the perspective of the incentive mechanism and the safeguard mechanism . The sixth part is to stimulate the specific construction of the confession mechanism in our country .
The second is to guarantee the institutional level , to fulfill the judicial commitment , to strengthen the protection of the criminal suspects and their families , to develop interrogation science , and to improve the interrogation techniques .
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

【共引文献】