论民事公益诉讼中检察机关的调查权及其规范化

发布时间：2018-06-02 07:11

本文选题：民事公益诉讼 + 原告资格　；参考：《浙江工业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：新修订的民事诉讼法确立了民事公益诉讼,与此同时,进一步充实了民事检察监督。明确检察机关民事公益诉讼主体资格的享有,明确检察机关提起民事公益诉讼的程序机制及其权限手段,以及检察机关民事公诉的调查活动具备的权能属性、运作程序、适宜方式和制度进路,是具有理论意义和现实意义的。民事公益诉讼中检察机关的原告资格有着实现对公共利益的救济保障、弥补民事诉讼立法缺陷、民事检察制度改革创新和健全完善的现实需求。同时,检察机关法律监督权与诉讼请求权之间具有统一性、兼容性和层次性。检察权力可以并能够包容和吸纳诉讼权能,检察机关的法律监督职能与诉讼权能之间呈现为目的和手段的关系。检察机关的监督对象和范围“专门化”基点与边界系于“国家和社会公共利益”。检察机关提起民事公益诉讼有着在不同法系与法律文化背景下的共同经验可资借鉴。进一步赋予检察机关民事公益诉讼的诉讼请求权即民事公诉权,使之具有民事诉讼当事人的角色和地位,实现了其职能、职权和权利的逐一外化,实现了其公益代表者、法律监督者和诉讼当事人的由内而外的三位一体的角色统一。民事公益诉讼中检察机关的调查权根源于检察机关享有和行使的国家公诉权,以及民事公益诉讼中当事人的诉讼权利及其举证责任,是权力与权利的复合根据基础上的复合体,兼具权力型调查与权利型调查的二重属性。其功能在于其行使的独立性、主动性和针对性,而最大限度地查明案件事实,提高诉讼质量和诉请效率,以更好的维护国家利益、社会公共利益。民事公益诉讼检察机关调查权的行使以诉前为主,在启动上应贯彻积极与消极相结合、以相对消极为主的原则。检察机关民事调查方式的运用手段贯穿于提起公益诉讼开展民事调查的全过程。在其正式调查、预备性调查；直接调查,间接调查的各阶段、各环节,检察机关可根据实际案情进展的需要,决定选择采取相应的民事调查手段。检察机关与其他部门应就调查取证申请、协助建立合作配合,形成比较固定和完善的工作制度和程序。检察机关在公益诉讼民事调查中可以和被调查人谈判和解,并根据已调取证据证明案件事实的程度与被调查人就相关措施、方案签署正式的和解协议。对于调查权的启动、调查方式、调查手段、调查结果处理、调查过程中检察机关能否与被调查人谈判和解等问题需要规范化,是完善民事公益诉讼的特别程序、以及检察院组织法修改所不可忽视的选项。首先,在所发布的指导性案例之中,可以就检察机关起诉民事公益诉讼案件,及对其调查取证的审判认定等的内容有所关涉。其次,司法解释中应以检察解释规定民事公诉调查权的主要内容。再次,应当明确规定人民检察院在《民事诉讼法》规定的情况下可以向人民法院提起民事公益诉讼以及对作为必备结构性、执行性职权的民事公益诉讼检察机关调查权,以实现民事检察监督的范围扩张、方式拓展与程序细化。最后,在《民事诉讼法》再修改中应予以充实,明确为提起民事公益诉讼的需要,人民检察院可以展开证据调查。就民事公益诉讼提起的调查规程、起诉方式、检察机关申请人民法院采取调取证据材料,以及其中采取或申请采取封存等的强制措施,以及接受人民法院对检察机关调查取证及其强制措施的审查、裁定等给出规定。
[Abstract]:The newly revised civil procedure law establishes civil public interest litigation. At the same time, it further enriches the civil procuratorial supervision. It makes clear the enjoyment of the subject qualification of the civil public interest litigation of the procuratorial organs, the procedure mechanism and the means of authority to bring the civil public interest litigation of the procuratorial organ, as well as the power and power of the investigation activities of the civil public prosecution of the procuratorial organs. The property, the operation procedure, the appropriate way and the system approach are of theoretical and practical significance. In civil public interest litigation, the plaintiff qualifications of the procuratorial organs have the relief guarantee for the public interests, the defects of the civil litigation legislation, the reform and improvement of the civil procuratorial system and the perfect and perfect practical needs. There is a unity, compatibility and hierarchy between the power of governor and the right of litigation. Procuratorial power can and can contain and absorb the power of litigation. The relationship between the legal supervision function of the procuratorial organ and the power of the lawsuit is the relationship between the purpose and the means. The object and scope of the procuratorial organ "specialization" and the boundary are "state and society" The public interest of the procuratorial organs can be learned from the common experience under the background of different legal systems and legal cultures. The procuratorial organ further endows the civil public interest litigation of the procuratorial organs with the right of civil public prosecution, which has the role and position of the civil litigants, and has realized its functions, powers and rights. In the civil public interest litigation, the investigation right of the procuratorial organ originates from the state public prosecution rights enjoyed and exercised by the procuratorial organs, and the rights of the parties in civil public interest litigation and the burden of proof in the civil public interest litigation. The complex based on the complex based on the basis of rights has both the dual attributes of the power type investigation and the right type investigation. Its function lies in its independence, initiative and pertinence, and the maximum identification of the facts of the case, the improvement of the litigation quality and the efficiency of appeal, in order to better safeguard the interests of the state, the public interest and the public interest litigation. The exercise of the investigative power of the procuratorial organ is mainly before the prosecution, and the principle of the combination of positive and negative and relative negativity should be carried out in the start of the prosecution. The use of the civil investigation method of the procuratorial organ runs through the whole process of carrying out civil investigation in public interest litigation. In its formal investigation, pre investigation, direct investigation and the various orders of indirect investigation In accordance with the needs of the actual case progress, the procuratorial organs may decide to choose the appropriate means of civil investigation. The procuratorial organs and other departments should assist the establishment of cooperation and cooperation to form a relatively fixed and perfect working system and procedures. The procuratorial organs can and be investigated in the civil investigation of public interest litigation. People negotiate and conciliate, and sign a formal settlement agreement according to the extent of the fact that the case has been taken to prove the facts of the case and the relevant measures of the investigator. For the start of the investigation right, the way of investigation, the means of investigation and the results of the investigation, the question of whether the procuratorial organ can negotiate and reconcile with the investigator in the process of investigation should be standardized, which is to perfect the people. The special procedure of public interest litigation and the options that can not be ignored by the organization law of the procuratorate. First, in the guidance cases issued, the procuratorial organs may be involved in the prosecution of civil public interest litigation cases and the content of the trial confirmation of their investigation and forensics. Again, the people's procuratorate should clearly stipulate that the people's procuratorate can bring civil public interest litigation to the people's court under the circumstances stipulated in the civil procedure law and the investigation right of the civil public interest litigation procuratorial organ, which is a necessary structural and executive authority to realize the expansion of the scope of the civil procuratorial supervision and the way to expand it. The procedure is refined. Finally, in the "Civil Procedure Law > revise", it should be enriched and clearly defined as the need for civil public interest litigation. The people's Procuratorate may carry out evidence investigation. The investigation procedures, the way of prosecution for civil public interest litigation, the procuratorial organ apply to the people's court to take the evidence material, and take or apply for the adoption of the civil public interest litigation. Compulsory measures such as deposit and other provisions, and acceptance of the people's court's examination and ruling on procuratorial organs' investigation and evidence collection and compulsory measures.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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