论审判中心视角下的公诉制度改革

发布时间：2018-06-05 06:34

本文选题：以审判为中心 + 公诉制度　；参考：《南京师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：公诉制度是国家设置专门机关代表国家指控违法犯罪以监督和维护国家法律实施的制度。公诉在诉讼程序中,对于侦查阶段移送起诉案件的审查,在程序上制约着审判的启动,在实体上制约着审判审理的范围和对象。一个案件庭审质量很大一部分取决于审前程序即公诉和侦查阶段的案件质量。十八届四中全会提出的“以审判为中心”诉讼制度改革不仅是庭审质量,案件质量也被提升到更高的要求,即“案件质量要经得起法律的检验”,这对公诉机关的工作的要求更加严格,对于现行的公诉制度提出更高的要求。要推动改革的顺利进行,实现我国刑事司法实质的公平公正,公诉部门首先要正确理解什么是“以审判为中心”,改革的要求、改革的实质以及谨防对改革的认识走向的误区,只有正确理解这些才能做出相应的应对措施,推进改革。不同于审判中心、不等于庭审中心、与侦查中心主义相对应是正确认识此项改革的前提,同时进一步正确认识改革的实质在于提高侦查、审查起诉案件质量、促进庭审实质化以及实现司法实体、程序公正。司法人员尤其是公诉人员防止走进“以审判为中心”诉讼制度改革是以法院或者法官为中心、是构建新的刑诉程序模式、是否定审前程序重要性的认识误区。同时要推行此项改革,公诉部门要解决现阶段造成庭审形式化、侦查中心主义、证人出庭率不高的阻碍,起诉书的照搬、过于主导庭审进程等传统办案理念的阻碍,过度依赖口供以及不科学的考评机制,公诉人出庭能力的欠缺、证人出庭率低等阻碍都是应在改革的初期高度重视并且解决的问题。面对改革检察机关首先应该树立起面向审判、服务审判的意识,思想是行动的先导。在审判阶段实现案件的繁简分流,保障进入到审判阶段案件的质量,提高司法资源的合理分配,提高诉讼效率;同时在新的阶段庭审阶段的可预测性不断降低,律师的专业技能也不断提升,公诉人员要提升出庭公诉能力,健全庭前准备机制,提高证人的出庭率,实现直接言辞原则的应用,在这个过程中检察机关要明确自身的职能定位,疏通程序、保障案件公平公正。改革并非是审判阶段或者说是法院一家之事,我国宪法规定公检法在刑事诉讼中是“分工负责、相互配合、相互制约”的关系,在改革背景下,检察机关更要注重和法院、公安的关系,构建更为合理的公检法关系,促进司法改革的进行。
[Abstract]:The public prosecution system is the system that the state sets up specialized organs to charge the illegal crimes on behalf of the state in order to supervise and maintain the implementation of the national laws. In the litigation procedure, the examination of the case transferred to prosecution in the investigation stage restricts the initiation of the trial in procedure and the scope and the object of the trial in the entity. The trial quality of a case depends in large part on the quality of the case in the pretrial procedure, that is, the public prosecution and investigation stage. The reform of the "trial as the center" litigation system proposed by the fourth Plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee is not only the quality of the trial, but also the quality of the case has been upgraded to a higher requirement, that is, "the quality of the case must stand the test of the law." This is more stringent to the work of the Public Prosecution Service, and higher requirements for the current public prosecution system. In order to promote the smooth progress of the reform and realize the fairness and fairness of the essence of our country's criminal justice, the public prosecution departments must first correctly understand what is "taking trial as the center", the requirements of the reform, the essence of the reform and the misunderstanding of the understanding of the reform. Only by correctly understanding these can we make corresponding measures to promote reform. Different from the trial center, it is not equal to the trial center, corresponding to the investigative centralism is the premise of correct understanding of this reform, and at the same time, the further correct understanding of the essence of the reform lies in improving the investigation, examining the quality of the prosecution case, To promote the materialization of trial and the realization of judicial entity, procedural justice. The judicial personnel, especially the public prosecutor, prevent the reform of the litigation system of "taking the trial as the center" is to take the court or the judge as the center, is to construct the new criminal procedure pattern, is to negate the misunderstanding of the importance of the pretrial procedure. At the same time, in order to carry out this reform, the public prosecution department should solve the obstacles of the traditional idea of handling cases, such as formalization of court hearings, centralism of investigation, low attendance rate of witnesses, copying of indictments, too dominating the process of trial, etc. Excessive reliance on confessions and unscientific evaluation mechanisms, the lack of public prosecutors' ability to appear in court, and the low attendance rate of witnesses are all problems that should be highly valued and solved in the early stage of reform. Facing the reform of procuratorial organs, we should first set up the consciousness of facing the trial and serving the trial, and the thought is the forerunner of action. At the same time, in the new stage, the predictability of the trial stage is reduced, and the quality of the cases entering the trial stage is guaranteed, the rational distribution of judicial resources is improved, and the efficiency of litigation is improved. The professional skills of lawyers are also continuously improved. Public prosecutors should improve their ability to prosecute in court, improve the preparation mechanism before court, increase the attendance rate of witnesses, and realize the application of the principle of direct speech. In this process, the procuratorial organ should define its own function, dredge the procedure and guarantee the fairness and fairness of the case. The reform is not a judicial stage or a matter of the court. The constitution of our country stipulates that the public security bureau, procuratorate and court are "divided and responsible, cooperate and restrict each other" in criminal proceedings. Under the background of the reform, procuratorial organs should pay more attention to the court. The relationship between the public security, the public security bureau, the procuratorate and the court is more reasonable to promote the judicial reform.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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