民事执行拍卖制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-06 05:39

本文选题：民事执行拍卖 + 性质　；参考：《中国政法大学》2007年硕士论文

【摘要】： 本文对民事执行拍卖的性质和效力等基本理论问题进行了深入、系统的分析,并以此为基础,结合我国现行立法并借鉴其他国家和地区的立法经验,提出了改革和完善我国民事执行拍卖制度的构想和建议。文章由引言、正文和结论三部分组成,其中正文分为四章。引言部分介绍了论文选题的背景、意义及研究方法。第一章为民事执行拍卖制度概述。文章先对与民事执行拍卖相关的几组概念进行了辨析,认为民事执行拍卖与法院拍卖、公力拍卖、强制拍卖是种属关系。区别于任意拍卖,民事执行拍卖具有三个基本特征:民事执行拍卖程序的启动具有被动性,拍卖目的在于清偿债务人的债务,参与拍卖的主体有法院、监拍人等公法主体。第二章分析了民事执行拍卖行为的性质。文章认为,私法说与折衷说都存在无法解释的理论问题,难以立论。民事执行拍卖区别于私法意义上的买卖,是一种公法行为,是执行机关行使国家公权力的表现。以其公法性质为基础,债权人、债务人亦可作为应买人参加竞价;拍卖成交后,拍定人原始取得拍卖物所有权。第三章探讨了民事执行拍卖的效力问题,集中分析了优先购买权的保护、拍卖物所有权的取得、拍卖物的瑕疵担保责任、拍卖物上权利负担的处理等几个方面的问题。笔者认为,在民事执行拍卖中,应当保护优先购买权人的合法权益;拍定人原始取得拍卖物所有权,不享有物的瑕疵担保请求权和权利瑕疵担保请求权。从各国(地区)立法看,对拍卖标的物上的负担处理可分为消灭主义与承受主义两种类型。剩余主义不是对拍卖物上权利负担的处理原则,而是对无益拍卖的禁止。具体而言,拍卖物上权利负担按担保物权和用益物权两大类在拍卖时采取不同处理方式。一般情况下,原优先于执行债权人的担保物权全部归于消灭,由拍定人取得无担保物权负担的所有权;原存在于拍卖物上的用益物权则继续由拍定人承受。但是,对拍卖物上负担处理时,允许执行各方当事人就消灭与承受问题作特别约定。第四章提出了改革完善我国民事执行拍卖制度的构想。笔者主张,由执行机关直接实施拍卖,减轻债务人支付拍卖佣金的负担,彰显民事执行拍卖的公法性质;建议在拍卖时,针对担保物权和用益物权的消灭与承受的不同情形进行不同的报价,提供多重报价机制;对拍卖公告期间应登记而未登记的债权,赋予其公示除权的不利后果;拍卖形式上引入投标拍卖,使拍卖方式多元化;同时,完善拍卖救济体制,以保护拍卖各方当事人的利益。结论部分总结了全文的观点。
[Abstract]:This article has carried on the thorough, systematic analysis to the basic theory question such as the nature and the validity of the civil execution auction, and on this basis, unifies our country's current legislation and draws lessons from the legislation experience of other countries and regions. This paper puts forward some ideas and suggestions for reforming and perfecting the auction system of civil execution in China. The article consists of three parts: introduction, text and conclusion, in which the text is divided into four chapters. The introduction introduces the background, significance and research methods of the thesis. The first chapter is an overview of the civil execution auction system. In this paper, several concepts related to civil execution auction are analyzed, and it is considered that civil execution auction, court auction, public auction and compulsory auction belong to species. Different from the arbitrary auction, the civil execution auction has three basic characteristics: the initiation of the civil execution auction procedure is passive, the purpose of the auction is to pay off the debtor's debts, and the subject of public law, such as the court, the supervisor and the patron, is involved in the auction. The second chapter analyzes the nature of civil execution auction. The article holds that the theory of private law and the theory of compromise have inexplicable theoretical problems. Civil execution auction is different from private law, it is a kind of public law act, it is the performance of the executive organ exercising the state public power. On the basis of its public law nature, creditors and debtors can also participate in the bidding as buyers; after the auction is done, the patron acquires the ownership of the auctioneer. The third chapter discusses the effectiveness of the civil execution auction, focusing on the protection of the preemptive right, the acquisition of the ownership of the auction property, the security liability for the defects of the auction property, the disposal of the right burden on the auction property, and so on. The author thinks that in the civil execution auction, the legitimate rights and interests of the preemptive party should be protected, and the patchor acquires the ownership of the auctioneering property and does not enjoy the claim right of defective security and the right of defective guarantee. From the point of view of national (regional) legislation, the handling of the burden on the subject matter of auction can be divided into two types: extermination and acceptability. Residualism is not the principle of dealing with the burden of rights in the auctioneers, but the prohibition of unprofitable auctions. Specifically, the burden of rights on the auction property is handled differently according to the two categories of security right and usufruct right. In general, the original priority over the execution creditor of the security right is all attributable to extinction, the patron acquires the ownership of the burden of unsecured real right; the usufructuary right that existed in the auction property continues to be borne by the patron. However, when dealing with the burden on the auction, the parties are allowed to make a special agreement on the issue of elimination and bearing. The fourth chapter puts forward the idea of reforming and perfecting the auction system of civil execution in our country. The author holds that the execution of the auction directly by the executive organ can lighten the burden on the debtor to pay the commission on the auction, and show the public law nature of the civil execution of the auction. According to the different situations of extinction and withstanding of security and usufructuary right, the author provides multiple quotation mechanism, and endows the creditor's right with the adverse consequences of public demonstration right when the auction announcement period should be registered but not registered. Bidding auction is introduced into the auction form to make the auction mode diversified, and the system of auction relief is improved to protect the interests of the parties involved in the auction. The conclusion part summarizes the views of the full text.
【学位授予单位】：中国政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：D925.1

【引证文献】