论污点证人制度在我国的构建

发布时间：2018-06-10 05:25

本文选题：污点证人 + 证人作证豁免　；参考：《辽宁大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：污点证人制度是指在刑事诉讼过程中,司法机关为了获得较大犯罪嫌疑人有罪的证据,通过和较轻的犯罪嫌疑人达成协议,如果犯罪嫌疑人作为污点证人作证,则放弃对污点证人的追诉。这样一方面可以惩罚较大的犯罪,另一方面也可以使国家、集体和个人的利益得到保护。污点证人制度建立的前提是反对强迫自证其罪,该制度产生于英国,现在很多国家已经建立了该制度。由于犯罪嫌疑人拥有反对强迫自证其罪的特权,污点证人制度才有得以运用的可能,而控诉方拥有污点证人制度是否适用的决定权。如果控诉机关决定适用污点证人制度,那么污点证人就必须如实提供证言,司法机关才会豁免污点证人的刑事责任。如果污点证人不作证或者作伪证,不但其刑事责任不会被豁免,其有可能还会受到作伪证的刑事处罚。如今我国刑事犯罪率居高不下,犯罪的手段越来越智能化,犯罪组织越来越严密,犯罪行为也越来越隐蔽,因此犯罪案件的侦查工作难度也加大。尽管我国已经规定了严禁刑讯逼供,但是有时候面对一些社会影响重大的案件,政府可能会发出限期破案的命令来消除社会不良的影响,这时司法机关可能会采取刑讯逼供的手段,导致冤假错案的发生。污点证人制度可以帮助侦查机关取证,使得司法机关可以成功的追诉较大的犯罪嫌疑人,所以我国应该建立污点证人制度。本文首先对污点证人的含义进行了界定,分析了污点证人制度的法理基础、污点证人制度在国外的具体规定,为在我国建立污点证人制度提供借鉴。我认为,污点证人制度在我国建立可以解决取证难的问题,减少刑讯逼供、规范司法权行使,可以优化司法资源配置,提高诉讼效率,而且也可以履行国际条约义务。我国也有建立该制度的可行条件,我国现行法律的相关规定为污点证人制度的建立提供了前提条件;虽然我国法律没有污点证人制度的规定,但是司法实践中出现了应用污点证人制度的案例,其可以提供司法实践经验;而且污点证人制度的建立符合我国宽严相济的刑事政策。我国需要而且具备建立该制度的条件。在本文的最后,关于在我国建立污点证人制度提出了一些具体的设想。
[Abstract]:The tainted witness system means that in the course of criminal proceedings, in order to obtain evidence of the guilt of a larger criminal suspect, the judicial authorities reach an agreement with a lighter criminal suspect. If the criminal suspect testifies as a tainted witness, The prosecution of the tainted witness is waived. This, on the one hand, penalizes larger crimes and, on the other, protects the interests of States, collectives and individuals. The premise of the establishment of the tainted witness system is to oppose forced self-incrimination, which originated in Britain and has been established in many countries. Because the suspect has the privilege of opposing forced self-incrimination, the tainted witness system can be used, and the prosecution has the right to decide whether the tainted witness system is applicable or not. If the prosecution agency decides to apply the tainted witness system, then the tainted witness must truthfully give testimony and the judiciary will exempt the tainted witness from criminal responsibility. If a tainted witness does not testify or perjury, not only his criminal liability will not be exempted, but he may also be criminally punished for perjury. Nowadays, the crime rate of our country is high, the means of crime is becoming more and more intelligent, the criminal organization is becoming more and more strict, and the criminal behavior is becoming more and more covert, so the investigation of criminal cases is also more difficult. Although China has already stipulated that extortion of confessions by torture is strictly prohibited, sometimes in the face of some cases with significant social impact, the government may issue orders to solve cases within a time limit in order to eliminate the adverse effects of society. At this time, the judiciary may use torture to extract confessions, resulting in false cases. Stain witness system can help the investigation organs to obtain evidence, so the judiciary can successfully prosecute the larger criminal suspects, so our country should establish the tainted witness system. This paper first defines the meaning of the tainted witness, analyzes the legal basis of the tainted witness system, the specific provisions of the tainted witness system in foreign countries, and provides a reference for the establishment of the tainted witness system in our country. In my opinion, the establishment of tainted witness system in our country can solve the problem of obtaining evidence, reduce extorting confessions by torture, standardize the exercise of judicial power, optimize the allocation of judicial resources, improve the efficiency of litigation, and also fulfill international treaty obligations. Our country also has the feasible condition to establish this system, the relevant provisions of our country's current law provide the precondition for the establishment of the stain witness system, although our country's law does not have the stipulation of the stain witness system, However, in judicial practice, the application of the tainted witness system can provide judicial practice experience, and the establishment of the tainted witness system conforms to the criminal policy of combining leniency and severity in our country. China needs and has the conditions to establish this system. At the end of this paper, some concrete ideas about the establishment of tainted witness system in our country are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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