美国法官任用制度及其借鉴

发布时间：2018-06-14 05:58

本文选题：美国 + 法官　；参考：《求索》2013年08期

【摘要】：美国属于英美法系,对于法院法官的任用十分看重,认为法官决定一个国家的法治水平。若法官高瞻远瞩、秉持正义、顺应历史潮流,则法院就能起到促进社会进步的作用;反之,也可能引发巨大的政治动乱和社会灾难。纵观美国法官任用制度,它体现了对法官的法律经验、职业道德与法律知识并重、司法独立与政治民主结合,通过一个不同于立法和行政的选拔制度和监督制度,实现法官的独立、中立,最终实现司法公正,从而体现三权中司法权力的特殊性。中国的法官选任制度与美国的法官选任制度有很大的不同。但目的相同,即都是为了选拔高素质的法官以保证司法公正和权威。因此,有必要对美国联邦下级法院法官任用机制进行研究,以便我们全面了解美国联邦法院的法官选拔制度,这有利于中国法官任用制度的借鉴。
[Abstract]:The United States, belonging to the common law system, attaches great importance to the appointment of court judges and believes that judges determine the level of a country's rule of law. If judges are far-sighted, just and follow the trend of history, the court can play a role in promoting social progress; conversely, it may also lead to great political turmoil and social disaster. Throughout the system of appointment of judges in the United States, it reflects the legal experience of judges, the equal emphasis on professional ethics and legal knowledge, the combination of judicial independence and political democracy, and the adoption of a system of selection and supervision different from that of legislation and administration. To realize the independence and neutrality of the judge, and finally to realize the judicial justice, thus embodying the particularity of the judicial power in the three powers. The system of selecting and appointing judges in China is quite different from that in the United States. But the same purpose, that is, to select high-quality judges to ensure judicial justice and authority. Therefore, it is necessary to study the appointment mechanism of judges in the lower courts of the United States, so that we can fully understand the selection system of judges in the federal courts of the United States, which is conducive to the reference of the appointment system of judges in China.
【作者单位】：四川师范大学法学院;
【分类号】：D971.2;D926.2

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