我国检察院独立行使检察权问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 19:34

本文选题：检察权独立行使 + 司法改革　；参考：《广西师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：在我国,检察制度是司法制度的重要组成部分,而独立行使司法权既是一项宪法原则,也是一项司法组织原则,并且被刑事诉讼法确立为一项诉讼基本原则。因而独立行使检察权就理应成为检察活动的一项原则。根据法律的规定,我国检察机关是司法机关,依据司法独立原则,我国检察机关在行使检察权方面应具有独立性。《宪法》第131条也对其做出了明确规定,为了更好的解决司法实践中出现的问题,只有进一步推动司法独立,保持独立公正地行使职权为前提条件,才能更好的实现检察权独立,否则要做到公正执法,可以说是举步难艰,所以说检察权应当依法独立行使是勿庸置疑的。党的十八大三中全会通过《中共中央关于全面深化改革若干问题的决定》,该文件确立了以保障独立运行检察权为目的,四中全会也明确提出完善确保依法独立公正行使检察权制度。在实践中,由于检察体制的地方化和行政化问题突出,检察人员的素质不高等问题严重阻碍了依法独立行使检察权。为确保依法独立行使检察权重要,有助于达到权力制衡,推动司法公正地实现。因此,新一轮司法体制改革立足我国的基本国情,提出了司法与行政适当分离的司法管理制度,即由法院与检察院统一调配人力资源,统一管理财产物资,并且完善检察官选任制,实现逐级遴选。这不仅给检察工作带来新的发展机遇,与此同时也带来了新的挑战。司法改革的最终目的就是实现检察权和审判权的独立,因此,要实现检察权的独立行使,必须赋予检察机关应有的独立的地位,从制度上对其职权的行使提供保障。然而,研究检察权的独立行使问题,前提必须明确独立行使检察权的定位。本文正是在此基础上展开研究的,首先从独立行使检察权的概念定位开始讨论,提出国内学者对独立行使检察权概念的论证分析,在明确概念的同时,也对下文的问题分析打下基础。其次,针对中外方独立行使检察权的异同分析其特点,再次,分析了我国当前检察权依法独立行使现状及所面临的问题着手,来反映阻碍我国独立行使检察权的因素,主要有:(1)检察机关领导体制呈现的弊端和党委对检察机关行使权力的干预;(2)检察院对侦查监督和审判监督手段软弱;(3)检察官素质偏低以及相应的保障机制不健全;(4)检察机关内部管理体制的行政化和检察工作的地方化。针对独立行使检察权所遇到的困境,立足于我国的基本国情,提出完善路径,以多种途径促进检察权的独立行使:(1)改革现有的领导体制,正确处理好检察机关与党的领导的关系,处理好检察系统上下级的关系,设立跨行政区域执法;(2)建立健全检察权独立行使的内外监督机制,为检察权独立行使保驾护航;(3)完善我国检察官管理制度,加强检察官队伍建设,建立检察官逐级遴选制度,健全检察官的职业保障制度,为独立行使检察权的提供有利人才保障;(4)立足于我国国情,推动省以下检察院人财物统一管理,统一进行人员调配;(5)建立主任检察官机构,实行负责人对案件负主要责任制度。
[Abstract]:In our country, the procuratorial system is an important part of the judicial system, and the independent exercise of judicial power is not only a constitutional principle, but also a judicial organization principle, and is established as a basic principle of litigation. Therefore, the independent exercise of procuratorial power should be a principle of procuratorial activities. According to the law, our country is prosecuting. The inspection organ is the judicial organ, according to the principle of independence of the judicature, the procuratorial organ of our country should have independence in exercising procuratorial power. < constitution > 131st also made clear provisions. In order to better solve the problems in judicial practice, only further promote the independence of the judiciary and keep the independent and impartial exercise of power as a prerequisite. There is no doubt that the procuratorial power should be independently exercised in accordance with the law. The party's eighteen plenary session of the party has adopted the decision of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on the comprehensive deepening of the reform of several issues. This article has established the purpose of guaranteeing independent operation of procuratorial power. The fourth plenary session also explicitly proposes to improve the system of exercising procuratorial power independently and impartially in accordance with the law. In practice, the problem of the procuratorial personnel's poor quality has seriously hindered the independent exercise of procuratorial power in accordance with the law because of the problems of the localization and administration of the procuratorial system, and it is important to ensure the independence of the procuratorial power according to law and to achieve the balance of power. As a result, the new round of judicial system reform, based on the basic national conditions of our country, has put forward the judicial management system of judicature and administration properly separated, that is, the court and the procuratorate have unified the human resources, unified management of property materials, and perfected the selection system of prosecutors to achieve a progressive selection. This is not only to the procuratorial work belt. The ultimate aim of judicial reform is to realize the independence of procuratorial power and judicial power. Therefore, in order to realize the independent exercise of procuratorial power, it is necessary to give the independent position of the procuratorial organ and guarantee the exercise of its power from the system. However, the independent conduct of the procuratorial power is studied. In order to make the problem, the premise must be clearly and independently exercise the position of the procuratorial power. This paper is on the basis of this study. First, it starts from the concept of the independent exercise of the procuratorial power, and puts forward the analysis of the concept of the independent exercise of procuratorial power by domestic scholars, and also lays the foundation for the analysis of the following problems in the same time as the clear concept is clear. Secondly, the needle. The characteristics of the differences and similarities between the independent exercise of procuratorial power between the Chinese and foreign parties, and the analysis of the current situation of the independent exercise of procuratorial power in China and the problems faced by the law, reflect the factors that impede the independent exercise of the procuratorial power of our country, including: (1) the shortcomings of the leading system of the procuratorial organs and the intervention of the Party Committee on the exercise of the power of the procuratorial organs; (2 ) the procuratorate is weak in investigating and supervising the supervision and supervision; (3) the quality of the prosecutor is low and the corresponding safeguard mechanism is not sound; (4) the administration of the internal management system of the procuratorial organs and the localization of the procuratorial work. Promote the independent exercise of procuratorial power: (1) reform the existing leadership system, correctly handle the relationship between the procuratorial organs and the Party leadership, handle the relationship between the procuratorial system and the lower level, set up the cross Administrative Region law enforcement; (2) establish and improve the independent exercise of the procuratorial power, the independent exercise of the procuratorial power and escort the procuratorial power; (3) perfect the procuratorial work of our country. The official management system, strengthen the construction of the procurator team, establish the procurator selection system, improve the professional security system of the prosecutor, provide favorable personnel guarantee for the independent exercise of procuratorial power. (4) based on the national conditions of our country, promote the unified management of the people's property and property of the procuratorates under the province, and unify the personnel allocation; (5) the establishment of the procuratorial organ of the chief procurator. The person in charge is responsible for the main responsibility system of the case.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D926.3

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