论我国案外人申请再审制度的完善

发布时间：2018-06-25 13:06

本文选题：案外人 + 申请再审　；参考：《辽宁大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：民事再审程序是一种特殊的救济程序，是民事诉讼理论的重要组成部分。民事再审程序存在一类特殊的启动主体，即案外人。在我国的司法实践中，生效裁判损害案外人的利益，案外人因此提出异议并向人民法院申请处理的情况并不少见。最高人民法院《关于适用中华人民共和国民事诉讼法审判监督程序若干问题的解释》的实行，使得案外人享有了针对损害其权益的生效裁判而向人民法院提请再审的权利。但由于目前的法律规定的内容是有限的，导致案外人行使提请再审的权利困难重重。本文着力于研究案外人申请再审制度的理论及实践意义，通过比较分析相关制度，提出我国该制度的现状及存在问题，并针对问题找出完善该制度的相关对策。本文概述了案外人申请再审的基本理论，提出确定适格的案外人是适用该程序的基础之一，尽管法律和司法解释没有对此作出明确的规定，笔者通过对以往学说的分析综合，提出确定适格案外人的几点标准。此外，必须以民事诉讼基础理论作为支撑才使得案外人申请再审制度能够确立。笔者认为，案外人申请再审的基础理论主要包括权利救济理论，裁判请求权保障理论，民事诉权保障理论和正当程序理论。案外人申请再审具有保护案外人权益，抑制虚假诉讼的功能，而且有利于维护裁判的客观公正，保障司法权威。另外，我国现有法律和司法解释针对案外人申请再审的规定还有很多问题需要改进。笔者提出了问题并阐述了对应的完善建议，在分析了现有案外人申请再审制度规定之后，从案外人的范围，申请再审事由种类，审查标准，审查程序及再审案件的审理程序等方面提出建设性意见，以完善案外人申请再审制度。现行法律和司法解释主要规定了对执行标的或执行标的物提出异议的案外人有权申请再审，笔者认为，这样的规定使得可行使再审权的案外人的范围过窄并且限制了申请再审的事由。人民法院受理案外人执行异议之后，需要对申请再审的事由进行审查，由于案外人不同于原诉当事人的法律地位，，法律规定的申请再审事由并不完全适用于案外人申请再审，笔者认为，应该完善相关规定，保障案外人权益。我国人民法院针对案外人提出的执行异议，首先是对申请理由进行审查，符合法律规定，做裁定书提审或发回重审，不符合法定事由的驳回再审申请。案外人不是法律规定的有权启动再审程序的主体，司法实践中，案外人常常遇到申诉无门的困境，因此，笔者认为，我国应该建立案外人再审之诉制度，将案外人的申诉权变成真正的诉权。
[Abstract]:The civil retrial procedure is a special relief procedure and an important part of the theory of civil procedure. There is a special type of starting subject in the civil retrial procedure, that is, the person outside the case. In the judicial practice of our country, it is effective to judge the interests of the outsiders in the case of damage, and the outsiders put forward different opinions and apply for treatment to the people's court. See. The implementation of the interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the application of the judicial supervision procedure of the Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China, which makes the outsider having the right to request a retrial to the people's court for the effect of an effective umpire on the rights and interests of the people. But because the present law is limited, it leads to the exercise of the case by the outsiders. The right to retrial is difficult. This article focuses on the study of the theoretical and practical significance of the application of the retrial system by outsiders. Through the comparison and analysis of the relevant systems, the present situation and existing problems of the system in China are put forward, and the relevant countermeasures to improve the system are found out in view of the problems. This article outlines the basic theory of the application for retrial by the outsiders, and puts forward the determination of the basic theory of the retrial. The outsider of the case is one of the bases for the application of the procedure. Although the legal and judicial interpretations do not make it clear, the author, through the analysis and synthesis of the previous theories, puts forward several criteria for determining the outsider of the case. In addition, it must be supported by the basic theory of civil litigation so that the retrial system of the outsiders can be established. The author believes that the basic theories of the case for retrial include the theory of right relief, the theory of the guarantee of the right of referee, the theory of the civil litigious right and the theory of due process. The application of the case to the case of the case of the case is to protect the rights and interests of the outsiders, to restrain the function of the false litigation, and to safeguard the objective justice of the referee, and to safeguard the judicial authority. In addition, there are still many problems in the existing legal and judicial interpretations of the legal and judicial interpretations of the case for retrial. The author puts forward the problems and expounds the corresponding suggestions. After analyzing the provisions of the retrial system of the outsiders, the scope of the outsiders, the application of the retrial, the examination standards, the review procedure and the retrial are discussed. Constructive opinions are put forward in the trial procedure of the case to improve the application of the retrial system. The current legal and judicial interpretation mainly stipulates that the outsider who objected to the subject matter or the object of execution has the right to apply for retrial. The author believes that such a provision makes the scope of the outsider of the retrial right too narrow and limited. After the people's court accepts the objection, it is necessary to examine the reasons for the application of the retrial. As the case is different from the legal status of the original litigant, the application of the retrial is not completely applicable to the applicant for retrial. The author believes that the relevant provisions should be perfected to protect the outsiders. Rights and interests. The execution objections put forward by the people's Court of our country are first to review the reasons for the application, to comply with the law, to make a ruling or to retrial, and to dismiss the application for retrial of the retrial. The outsider is not the subject of the law's right to start the retrial. In judicial practice, the outsiders often meet Shen. Therefore, the author believes that China should establish a system of retrial litigation for outsiders, and turn the right of appeal from the outsider to the real right of action.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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