要件事实理论在建设工程合同纠纷诉讼中的应用

发布时间：2018-06-28 05:09

本文选题：民事诉讼 + 要件事实理论　；参考：《华东政法大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：要件事实理论是民事诉讼法学中的重要理论，对民事诉讼实践具有指导作用，也是连接民事实体法与程序法的一道“桥梁”。民事实体法中的要件事实能够通过诉讼程序予以体现，并且诉讼程序本身的设置可以解决实体法适用的不足。要件事实理论中的主张责任和释明权为当事人进行民事诉讼提供了一个“场”，为其设定攻击防御规则，并且引导其以正确的方式实施攻击防御。任何理论均需要应用于实践并指导实践，那么，如何应用要件事实理论处理一件具体的案件纠纷呢？笔者选取一例建设工程设计合同纠纷，详细分析要件事实理论在其中的适用，并总结和提炼出所反映的问题。鉴于实体法与程序法相辅相成，要件事实理论的发展也离不开实体法理论的研究，因此，笔者结合民法理论中的公平原则，提出在公平原则指导下要件事实理论的发展和完善。本文主要从以下几个方面对要件事实理论在建设工程合同纠纷中的应用进行了阐述。第一部分是理论阐述，首先概述了要件事实理论，包括该理论的缘起、概念、特征、作用以及相关的其他法律概念。其次本文着重论述要件事实理论中的主张责任和释明权。主张责任理论是要件事实重要的理论，其不仅为民事诉讼当事人设定了攻击防御体系，更是在要件事实无法认定时为法官提供了审理裁判的依据。释明权是诉讼指挥权的重要组成部分，在不影响法官超然中立性地位的前提下，平衡当事人之间的诉讼能力，引导诉讼的进程，防止“投机性诉讼”。第二部分以建设工程合同为切入点，结合要件事实理论，对该类型合同涉及的相关法条进行分析，提炼出法条中的诉讼标的，明晰其中的要件事实（包括请求原因事实与抗辩事实）。第三部分中，笔者选取了一起建设工程设计合同纠纷案件法官的审理认定情况，通过对案件判决的分析，找出其中存在的问题和值得借鉴的地方。第四部分，笔者对民法中的公平原则进行了论述，包括概述、适用、局限性和功能。对于本文案例中存在的有关要件事实理论问题，笔者结合公平原则，提出了相应的发展和完善途径。第一，明确具体纠纷中的要件事实，为当事人的主张责任提供公平的基础和实施途径，并且保证各当事人在纠纷中具有平等的地位。第二，通过法官释明权的行使，辅之以专家证人的意见或解释，避免在案件审理过程中由于涉及知识的专业性而导致的实质上的不公平。以公平原则为总领方针，完善合同纠纷审理过程中的要件事实理论，以推动具体案件审理结果的公平、公正，正确发挥要件事实理论在司法实践中的指导作用。
[Abstract]:The theory of essential facts is an important theory in the law of civil procedure, which has a guiding role in the practice of civil procedure, and is also a "bridge" between civil substantive law and procedural law. The essential facts in the civil substantive law can be embodied through the procedure, and the procedure itself can solve the deficiency of the application of the substantive law. The claim responsibility and interpretation right in the theory of essential facts provide a "field" for the parties to carry out civil action, set up the rules of defense against attack, and guide them to carry out the defense of attack in a correct way. Any theory needs to be applied to practice and guide practice, so how to apply the theory of facts to deal with a specific case dispute? The author selects a case of contract dispute of construction engineering design, analyzes the application of the essentials theory in detail, and summarizes and abstracts the problems reflected. Since substantive law and procedural law complement each other and the development of the theory of essential facts is inseparable from the study of the theory of substantive law, the author puts forward the development and perfection of the theory of essential facts under the guidance of the principle of equity in the light of the principle of fairness in the theory of civil law. This paper expounds the application of the essentials fact theory in the contract dispute of construction project from the following aspects. The first part is the theoretical elaboration. Firstly, it summarizes the theory of facts of the elements, including the origin, concept, characteristics, function and other relevant legal concepts of the theory. Secondly, this paper focuses on the claim responsibility and interpretation right in the theory of essential facts. The theory of claim liability is an important theory of important elements fact, which not only sets up a defense system for the civil litigants, but also provides a basis for the judge to judge when the important facts cannot be confirmed. The right of interpretation is an important part of the command power of litigation. On the premise of not affecting the detached neutral position of the judge, it can balance the litigant ability between the parties, guide the process of litigation and prevent "speculative litigation". The second part takes the construction project contract as the breakthrough point, unifies the essential element fact theory, carries on the analysis to this kind of contract related law article, abstracts out the lawsuit object in the law article, In the third part, the author selects a construction project design contract dispute case judge's hearing confirmation situation, through the analysis to the case judgment, finds out the existence question and the worthy reference place. In the fourth part, the author discusses the principle of fairness in civil law, including the summary, application, limitation and function. In this paper, the author puts forward the corresponding ways of development and perfection in combination with the principle of fairness. The first is to clarify the facts of the elements in the specific dispute, to provide a fair basis and implementation way for the parties to claim responsibility, and to ensure the equal status of the parties in the dispute. Second, through the exercise of the judge's right of interpretation, supplemented by the opinions or explanations of expert witnesses, the substantive unfairness caused by the professional nature of knowledge in the trial of the case should be avoided. Taking the principle of fairness as the general guiding principle, we should perfect the theory of essential facts in the trial of contract disputes, so as to promote the fairness and fairness of the trial results of specific cases, and give full play to the guiding role of the theory of essential facts in the judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：华东政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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