我国环境侵权民事赔偿制度研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 21:56

本文选题：环境侵权 + 民事赔偿　；参考：《宁波大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：工业化和城市化进程加快推动我国经济实现大发展,但与此同时也给环境带来了不可忽视的负面影响以及破坏,世界各地发生的环境侵权事件在逐年增加,各种类型的环境侵权事件的发生甚至给环境和他人的身心健康造成了严重侵损,如何针对此类环境侵权事件均衡好涉及到的各方的利益、使受害者获得合理赔偿,直至通过有效的民事赔偿进一步制止环境破坏事件发生,是当前推进我国环境侵权民事赔偿法律制度建设的关注点。相较于其他一般侵权,对环境侵权的研究和事件的解决更加复杂。当前我国正致力于构建社会主义法治国家,在法律制度完善方面有了很大的提高,环境侵权民事法律制度也得到了进一步的完善和提高,但是从整体上看,损害结果发生后受害人合法权益的维护、获得的赔偿涉及的范围等方面还很不成熟,这些环境保护法律构建方面的缺陷直接影响到社会和经济发展的稳定性以及生态系统的平衡性,尤其是环境侵权民事赔偿制度的不完善,不仅没有切实维护受害人的合法权益,同时也不利于发挥法律的预防与惩戒价值,为此需要在我国环境保护法律实践的过程中不断更新完善理论基础,对生态环境实现全方位的保护。全文共分为三大部分。首先,论述了我国环境侵权民事赔偿制度的发展现状及当前实践。在立法发展方面具体围绕人身损害、财产损害与生态损害进行分析,在实践部分具体围绕三大环境侵权事件进行分析。其次,有效分析了我国环境侵权民事赔偿在立法设计和实际操作当中面临的问题的难点。立法设计方面的问题则主要集中在法律预防价值没有得到充分发挥、民事赔偿途径单一、精神损害没有真正被纳入到环境侵权损害赔偿的范畴、生态环境损害赔偿的立法规定缺乏可操作等这几方面。在实践操作方面则围绕在损害结果具有广泛性和复杂性、民事赔偿评估缺乏固定标准、受害人难以获得实际赔偿等问题上。最后则研究了如何进一步完善我国环境侵权民事赔偿制度的具体措施,包括科学界定环境侵权民事赔偿相关范围及评估量化办法、健全细化精神损害赔偿相关制度以及采取惩罚性与补偿性制度相结合的方式在内。
[Abstract]:Industrialization and urbanization accelerate the economic development of our country, but at the same time, it also brings negative impact and destruction to the environment, and the number of environmental violations in various parts of the world is increasing year by year. The occurrence of various types of environmental tort even causes serious damage to the environment and the physical and mental health of others. How to balance the interests of the parties involved in such environmental tort events, so that the victims can obtain reasonable compensation, Until the effective civil compensation to further stop the occurrence of environmental damage events is the focus of our country's environmental tort civil compensation legal system construction. Compared with other general tort, the research on environmental tort and the solution of the incident are more complicated. At present, our country is devoting itself to the construction of a socialist country ruled by law, and has greatly improved its legal system, and the civil legal system of environmental tort has also been further improved, but from the overall point of view, The protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the victim after the result of the damage, the scope of compensation received, etc., are still very immature. These defects in the construction of environmental protection laws directly affect the stability of social and economic development and the balance of the ecosystem, especially the imperfection of the civil compensation system for environmental tort, which not only fails to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the victims, but also to protect the legal rights and interests of the victims. At the same time, it is also unfavorable to give full play to the value of prevention and punishment of law. Therefore, it is necessary to renew and perfect the theoretical basis in the process of legal practice of environmental protection in our country, so as to realize the all-round protection of ecological environment. The paper is divided into three parts. Firstly, it discusses the development and practice of civil compensation system of environmental tort in China. In the aspect of legislative development, it focuses on the analysis of personal injury, property damage and ecological damage. In the practice part, it focuses on three major environmental tort events. Secondly, it analyzes the difficulties in the legislative design and practical operation of civil compensation for environmental tort in China. The main problems in legislative design are that the value of legal prevention has not been brought into full play, the path of civil compensation is single, and the spiritual damage has not really been brought into the scope of compensation for environmental tort damage. The legislative provisions of ecological environmental damage compensation are short of operational and so on. In practice, the result of damage is extensive and complicated, the evaluation of civil compensation is lack of fixed standard, the victim is difficult to obtain actual compensation and so on. Finally, it studies how to further improve the system of civil compensation for environmental tort in China, including the scientific definition of the scope of civil compensation for environmental tort and the evaluation of quantitative methods. Perfecting the relevant system of spiritual damages and adopting the combination of punitive and compensatory systems.
【学位授予单位】：宁波大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1;D922.68

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