论我国未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度的建构

发布时间：2018-07-06 14:16

本文选题：未成年人 + 犯罪记录　；参考：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：法律是人类文明进步与智慧的结晶,随着社会的不断发展,法律也或多或少地会发生一些相应地变化,以迎合日新月异的生产力发展的需要。我国自改革开放以来,为了建设具有中国特色的社会主义市场经济,与市场经济相配套的法律法规在神州大地上有了长足的进步,短短的30多年,人们惊喜地发现,由于经济的突飞猛进,受市场经济影响的诸多相关因素迅速显露出来。人们的权利意识、自由、平等等理念也随之得到培育,一些与现代理念相一致的政策与法律制度不可避免的呈现在人们面前。我国2012年修改后的《刑事诉讼法》第275条已经建立了未成年人犯罪记录封存制度,从制度的初衷来看,主要是限制犯罪记录的公开。从封存制度本身的规定来看,虽然一般人无法接触到未成年人的犯罪记录,但“有关单位”根据“司法需要”的调取规定,显然降低了封存保密的严密性,明显弱化了对当事人的保护力度。犯罪记录的存在虽然在一定程度上有其正当、合理的一面,但对涉世不深,一时失足的未成年人而言,不仅会使其受到来自社会各界不同程度的歧视,还有可能对其前途带来负面的、甚至毁灭性的影响。虽然我国在法律层面尚未正式建立未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度,但近几年,许多地方开始尝试未成年人犯罪记录消灭的具体运行。实践工作中的有益探索,不仅为我国建立未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度积累了宝贵的经验,也为该制度在国家层面的适时出台提出了迫切的需求。2010年的“两会”期间,积极关注法治建设的人大代表就提出了建立“青少年前科消灭制度”的议案,并设计了该制度操作的具体方案。彰显平等理念,尊重人权精神是现代法治思想的主流,在我国刑事立法中,给未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度留一席之地是社会进步、法律发展的必然要求。本论文除引言和结语外,共分为五大部分：第一部分：未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度概述。该部分主要对犯罪记录、犯罪记录消灭制度的概念进行了准确界定,以为下文作论证上的铺垫。第二部分：域外未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度考察。该部分从犯罪记录消灭制度的一般状况切入,重点以德国和俄罗斯两个国家为代表,运用比较分析的方法,对两国未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度的具体模式进行述评,为构建适合我国国情的未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度提供了参考。第三部分：构建我国未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度的必要性。本部分立足于标签理论,结合案例分析了标签效应对未成年犯造成的硬伤。同时在顺应未成年人自然属性的需要和基于宽严相济刑事政策的需要两方面,探讨并强调了我国建立未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度的必要性。第四部分：建立我国未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度的可行性。该部分包括三方面内容。首先,“矜老恤幼”的儒家文化传统在伦理、道德层面为我国嫁接未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度提供了深厚的文化土壤。其次,客观分析了我国现行犯罪记录封存制度的局限性,该局限恰恰不能满足国际条约对未成年犯最大限度权益保护的现实要求。最后,结合近年来,全国部分地区对未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度的试点经验,进一步表明我国建立末成年入犯罪记录消灭制度的条件已经成熟。第五部分：建构我国未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度的具体思路。主要明确了该制度的适用对象；设置了考察机构和主要职能、设定了合理的考察期；选择了适合我国国情的消灭方式、具体程序并明晰了消灭后的法律效果等,从四个方面具体设计了符合我国国情的未成年人犯罪记录消灭制度的相关内容。
[Abstract]:Law is the crystallization of the progress and wisdom of human civilization. With the continuous development of the society, the law will change more or less to meet the needs of the development of the new productive forces. Since the reform and opening to the outside world, the law has been matched with the market economy in order to build a socialistic market economy with Chinese characteristics. The laws and regulations have made great progress on the land of Shenzhou. For more than 30 years, people are surprised to find that because of the rapid development of the economy, many related factors affected by the market economy have been revealed quickly. People's ideas of rights, freedom and equality are also nurtured, and some policies and legal systems that are consistent with modern ideas are not. It can be avoided in front of the people. The 275th article of the criminal procedure law amended in 2012 has established the system of the record seal of juvenile delinquency. From the original intention of the system, it is mainly to limit the public record of the crime. According to the provisions of the "judicial needs", the "relevant units" obviously reduce the tightness of the secrecy and obviously weaken the protection of the parties. Although the existence of the criminal record has its proper and reasonable side to a certain extent, it will not only make it come from the society for the minors who are not deeply involved in the moment. There will be different degrees of discrimination, and there may be a negative and even destructive effect on its future. Although China has not formally established the system of minors' criminal record elimination at the legal level, in recent years, many places have begun to try the specific operation of the elimination of juvenile delinquency records. It has accumulated valuable experience for the establishment of the criminal record elimination system of minors in China, and also put forward the "two meetings" in.2010 years for the timely introduction of the system at the national level. The representative of the people's Congress who actively paid attention to the construction of the rule of law put forward a proposal to establish "the abolition system of juvenile delinquency" and designed the system. It is the mainstream of the modern rule of law to highlight the concept of equality and respect the spirit of human rights. In the criminal legislation of our country, it is the social progress and the inevitable requirement for the development of the law to leave a place for the elimination of the criminal records of the minors in our country. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, this thesis is divided into five parts: the first part: the juvenile delinquency A summary of the system of record elimination. The part mainly defines the concept of the criminal record and the system of the elimination of criminal records, and thinks that the following is the paving for the demonstration. The second part: the inspection of the elimination system of the criminal records of the minors outside the country. This part of this part is made from the general situation of the system of the elimination of criminal records, with the emphasis on Germany and Russia two. As a representative, a comparative analysis is used to review the specific mode of the abolition system of juvenile delinquency records in the two countries and provide a reference for the construction of the system for the elimination of juvenile delinquency records suitable for the national conditions of our country. The third part: the necessity of constructing the system for the elimination of juvenile delinquency records in our country. We have signed the theory and analyzed the hard injuries caused by the label effect to the minor offenders. At the same time, the necessity of establishing the system for the elimination of juvenile delinquency records in China is discussed and emphasized in two aspects of conforming to the needs of the natural attributes of minors and based on the needs of the criminal policy of tempering leniency. The fourth part: the establishment of the juvenile delinquency in China The feasibility of recording the abolition system is recorded. This part includes three aspects. First, the Confucian cultural tradition of "the old and the young" has provided a profound cultural soil for the abolition system of the criminal record of the grafted minors in our country. Secondly, the limitations of the current criminal record seal system in China are objectively analyzed. Unable to meet the actual requirements for the protection of the maximum rights and interests of the minor offenders in the international treaties. Finally, with the experience of the pilot experience of the elimination system of juvenile delinquency records in parts of the country in recent years, the conditions for establishing the system for the elimination of criminal records in our country are mature. The fifth part: the construction of minors in China The specific thinking of the system of criminal record elimination mainly clarifies the applicable object of the system, sets up an investigation organization and main functions, sets a reasonable inspection period, chooses the method of elimination suitable for the national conditions of our country, the specific procedure and clear the legal effect after the elimination, and designs in four aspects the failure to meet the national conditions of our country. The relevant contents of the abolition system of adult criminal records.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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