民事证据交换制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 17:57

【摘要】：证据交换制度是指参与民事诉讼的各方当事人及其代理人在开庭审理前，在法院的组织下，按照法定程序和方式自动提交各自掌握的、与案件相关的证据材料并进行交换，否则将承担一定法律后果的制度。该制度最早起源于英国，即证据开示制度，后来演变成为审前程序中的一项重要制度。完善的证据交换制度对于提高诉讼效率、明确争议焦点、防止证据突袭等方面起到重要作用。我国早期的《民事诉讼法》并没有关于证据交换的规定，但随着我国社会的发展和民事诉讼数量的增加，诉讼突袭、拖延诉讼等问题越来越突出，建立审前证据交换制度的呼声也越来越高。2001年12月21日，最高人民法院通过的《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》从司法解释的角度确立了我国的证据交换制度，这对于我国民事诉讼程序的完善有着重要意义，，但该司法解释与民事诉讼法有一定的矛盾之处，且效力无法与法律对抗。2012年我国对《民事诉讼法》进行了修订，其中对审前程序进行了修改，也从立法上确立了证据交换制度。但无论是证据规则还是新的民事诉讼法，对于证据交换制度的规定都较为笼统，从而使得该制度在司法实践中并未得到较为完善的实施。本文拟从证据交换制度的基本理论入手，分析证据交换的特征和作用，并对英美法系和大陆法系代表性国家的证据交换制度进行考察和借鉴，进而探讨我国证据交换制度实施的现状、存在的问题及原因，并从证据交换的主体、范围、方式等方面为完善该制度提供建议，并为证据交换与《民事诉讼法》中新内容与制度的良好对接，如诚实信用原则的确立对证据交换的意义、电子证据在证据交换中的运用、突出当事人意思自治、协调证据交换与举证时限规定等方面的问题，提出自己的看法。
[Abstract]:Evidence exchange system refers to the parties involved in civil proceedings and their agents who, before the hearing of the court and under the organization of the court, automatically submit and exchange evidence materials in their respective possession in accordance with the legal procedures and methods, Otherwise, the system will bear certain legal consequences. The system originated in England, that is, the discovery of evidence system, and then evolved into an important system in the pretrial procedure. Perfect evidence exchange system plays an important role in improving litigation efficiency, clarifying dispute focus and preventing evidence raid. The early Civil procedure Law of China did not provide for the exchange of evidence. However, with the development of our society and the increase in the number of civil proceedings, the problems of litigation raids, delays in litigation and so on have become more and more prominent. On December 21, 2001, the Supreme people's Court adopted several provisions on evidence in Civil procedure, which established the system of evidence exchange in our country from the angle of judicial interpretation. This is of great significance to the perfection of civil procedure in our country, but there are some contradictions between the judicial interpretation and the civil procedure law, and the validity can not be confronted with the law. In 2012, our country revised the Civil procedure Law. Among them, the pretrial procedure has been revised, and the system of evidence exchange has also been established in legislation. However, both the rules of evidence and the new civil procedure law, the provisions of the system of evidence exchange are more general, so that the system in judicial practice has not been more perfect implementation. Starting with the basic theory of evidence exchange system, this paper analyzes the characteristics and functions of evidence exchange system, and makes an investigation and reference to the evidence exchange system in the representative countries of Anglo-American law system and continental law system. Then it discusses the present situation, existing problems and reasons of the implementation of the evidence exchange system in China, and provides suggestions for the perfection of the system from the aspects of the main body, scope and mode of evidence exchange. It also provides a good connection between evidence exchange and the new contents and systems in the Civil procedure Law, such as the significance of the establishment of the principle of good faith to the exchange of evidence, the application of electronic evidence in the exchange of evidence, and the prominence of party autonomy. Coordination of evidence exchange and evidentiary time limit and other aspects of the issue, put forward their own views.
【学位授予单位】：辽宁大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.13

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