论中国行政法院制度之构建

发布时间：2018-07-21 16:26

【摘要】：我国行政诉讼制度自确立以来,在约束行政权力,监督行政权力运行,保护行政相对人的合法权利等方面发挥了重要作用。伴随社会环境的变迁,我国法制环境亦随之发生了重大变化,我国行政审判体制的弊端日益显现:行政审判独立性不足,行政诉讼案件受理难,执行难等问题严重影响了我国行政诉讼的进行。面对行政诉讼的制度困境,进行审判体制改革已是我国司法体制改革的当务之急。《行政诉讼法》第18条第2款中有关跨区域管辖行政案件的规定为我国建立行政法院制度,实现行政审判模式的突围留下了程序法上的空间。2015年巡回法庭的设立有利于减轻现行行政审判体制的弊端。但是,要使行政审判制度的弊端得到根本解决,设立独立的行政法院无疑是最具可行性之道。我国行政法院制度的构建,必须在符合我国国情的基础上,借鉴域外国家成功经验做法。就性质而言,行政法院应是设置于最高人民法院之下的国家审判机关。行政法院独立行使行政审判权,除受最高法院监督以外,其他任何机关、组织和个人不得干预行政法院的审判活动。行政法院按照法定程序审理裁判行政争议案件,上下级行政法院之间只有监督与被监督关系,不存在领导关系,行政法院独立于地方各级权力机关和行政机关。本文由五部分构成,第三章和第四章为核心内容。重点阐述我国行政法院制度构建理论依据、模式选择,及组织体系建构的若干构想等。第一部分:绪论。主要包括选题依据、研究方法和研究意义,文章主要创新点等基础性内容。第二部分:行政法院概述。通过本章内容,对行政法院的概念予以界定,概括行政法院的特征,归纳不同的行政审判组织模式,在充分比较的基础上,遴选我国行政审判体制改革应采取的模式。第三部分,中外行政法院制度简述。通过本章内容,对不同地缘下的行政法院制度进行分别阐述,以说明外国行政法院制度的特点,同时厘清行政法院制度在我国的演进历程。第四部分:我国构建行政法院制度理论论证。通过本章内容,阐述学术界关于我国构建行政法院理论争议,分析我国构建行政法院制度进行必要性和可行性。第五部分,我国行政法院制度设计。包括我国构建行政法院应考虑的相关因素与模式选择,同时从行政法院组织体系,受案范围,行政法院的管辖权等方面勾勒我国行政法院制度的创建宏图。最后,概括本文内容的基础上,描绘我国行政法院制度发展的愿景。
[Abstract]:Since the establishment of administrative litigation system in China, it has played an important role in restricting administrative power, supervising the operation of administrative power and protecting the legal rights of administrative counterpart. With the change of the social environment, the legal environment of our country has also changed greatly. The malpractice of the administrative trial system in our country has become increasingly obvious: the independence of the administrative trial is insufficient, and it is difficult to accept the administrative litigation cases. Problems such as difficulty in execution have seriously affected the progress of administrative litigation in our country. In the face of the system dilemma of administrative litigation, it is urgent to reform the judicial system of our country. Article 18, paragraph 2, of the Administrative procedure Law provides for the establishment of administrative court system for our country. The establishment of the circuit court in 2015 will help to alleviate the malpractice of the current administrative trial system. However, the establishment of an independent administrative court is undoubtedly the most feasible way to solve the malpractice of administrative trial system. The construction of administrative court system in our country must be based on the reality of our country and draw lessons from the successful experiences of foreign countries. In nature, the administrative court should be the state judicial organ under the Supreme people's Court. The administrative court shall exercise its administrative jurisdiction independently, and no organ, organization or individual may interfere in the judicial activities of the administrative court except under the supervision of the Supreme Court. The administrative court adjudicates administrative dispute cases according to the legal procedure. There is only supervision and supervision relationship between the upper and lower administrative courts, and there is no leadership relationship, and the administrative court is independent from the local power organs and administrative organs at all levels. This article consists of five parts, the third and fourth chapters as the core content. This paper focuses on the theoretical basis, mode selection and some ideas of the construction of the administrative court system in China. Part one: introduction. It mainly includes the basis of topic selection, research methods and significance, the main innovation of the article and other basic content. Part II: an overview of the Administrative Court. Through the content of this chapter, the concept of administrative court is defined, the characteristics of administrative court are summarized, and different administrative trial organization modes are summarized. On the basis of full comparison, the mode that should be adopted in the reform of administrative trial system in our country is selected. The third part, the Chinese and foreign administrative court system brief description. Through the content of this chapter, the administrative court system in different geographical areas is elaborated separately to explain the characteristics of foreign administrative court system and to clarify the evolution process of administrative court system in our country at the same time. The fourth part: our country constructs the administrative court system theory demonstration. Through the content of this chapter, this paper expounds the theoretical dispute about the construction of administrative court in our country, and analyzes the necessity and feasibility of constructing administrative court system in our country. The fifth part, our country administrative court system design. It includes the relevant factors and mode choice that should be considered in the construction of administrative court in our country. At the same time, it outlines the grand plan for the establishment of administrative court system in our country from the aspects of administrative court organization system, the scope of accepting cases, the jurisdiction of administrative court, and so on. Finally, on the basis of summarizing the content of this paper, we describe the vision of the development of administrative court system in China.
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.3

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