加拿大环境公民诉讼制度及对我国的启示

发布时间：2018-07-21 16:47

【摘要】：环境公民诉讼强调任何私的主体(个人或组织)能够针对环境违法行为发挥实施环境法律的作用,是确保环境法律权威得以实现的主要手段,更因为其使环境法律实施中充满竞争而导致民主与法治的实现。注重公众参与环境法律实施的加拿大构建了系统的环境公民诉讼制度,从环境公民诉讼的案件适用范围、原告资格、被告到环境公民诉讼的程序都有细致的法律规定,值得我国在构建环境公益诉讼制度时吸收和借鉴:我国应当允许公民提起环境刑事公益诉讼;环境公益诉讼应从过于注重环境民事公益诉讼转向"民行刑三位一体";环境公益诉讼的可诉范围应该扩大;允许法官运用自由裁量权审查原告诉讼资格;环境民事公益诉讼中证明责任应该合理分配。
[Abstract]:Environmental citizen litigation emphasizes that any private subject (individual or organization) can play the role of implementing environmental law in the light of environmental illegal acts, which is the main means to ensure the realization of environmental legal authority. More because it makes the implementation of environmental law full of competition leading to the realization of democracy and rule of law. Canada, which focuses on public participation in the implementation of environmental laws, has established a systematic system of environmental citizenship litigation, which has detailed legal provisions from the scope of application of environmental civil litigation cases, the qualifications of plaintiffs, and the procedures of defendants to environmental citizenship litigation. It is worthy of our country to absorb and learn from the construction of environmental public interest litigation system: our country should allow citizens to bring environmental criminal public interest litigation; Environmental public interest litigation should change from paying too much attention to environmental civil public interest litigation to "civil execution trinity"; the scope of environmental public interest litigation should be expanded; judges should be allowed to use their discretion to examine the plaintiff's litigation qualification. The burden of proof should be reasonably distributed in environmental civil public interest litigation.
【作者单位】：湖南师范大学法学院;
【基金】：湖南省重点学科建设项目资助司法部课题“环境法律有效实施的评价指标体系研究”(12SFB3039) 湖南省教育厅课题“推进湖南‘两型社会’建设之环境法制教育研究”(12B078)
【分类号】：D971.1;D925.1

【参考文献】