刑事鉴定意见庭前开示制度研究

发布时间：2018-07-28 16:07

【摘要】：探讨和研究一项制度首先必须考虑其必要性和功能性，本文研究的刑事鉴定意见开示问题是从当今法治社会最基本的法律精神和原则出发，结合刑事司法鉴定在现实中存在的不足和缺陷，提出相应的制度设计以求完善司法鉴定活动和推进整个诉讼进程顺利进行。众所周知，，司法鉴定活动在当今崇尚文明化、科学化的法律实践背景下，在探索真相，保障人权，恢复正义的时代呼唤中，可以说司法鉴定所扮演的角色可谓必不可少。特别是在刑事领域，鉴定意见更是发挥着无可替代的作用，在很多案件中，刑事鉴定意见都起到决定性的作用。正是因为这一制度彰显着无与伦比的优势和地位，我们就更需要加以完善，防止自身或客观原因导致的漏洞造成对法律精神和人权的损害。但是令我们担忧的是，近些年来，关于鉴定方面的纠纷却越来越多，鉴定机构与当事人之间的矛盾也愈演愈烈，重复鉴定、反复鉴定的现象屡见不鲜，这不仅损害了司法鉴定的权威，引发信任危机，更重要的是使得案件久拖不决，真相不能及时澄清，相关方的合法权益也难以得到应有的保护。这种现象的发生必然是多方面原因造成的，其中很重要的原因就是我们的鉴定本身存在严重问题。随着人民群众法律意识的提高，特别是强烈地意识到鉴定意见对于自身利益的重大影响，那么更多的权利诉求要求我们鉴定机构、相关司法部门必须转变观念，鉴定意见不再是罩着神秘的面纱，而是必须走向人前，接受监督和考验。从另外一个角度看，程序公开已经成为一项最基本的诉讼原则，公开不仅仅指审判公开，更要求审前的公开透明，违背这一基本原则的司法活动终究不能得到人民的信服。鉴于刑事案件对于公民利益的重大影响以及刑事鉴定在刑事案件中发挥的作用，本文选取了刑事鉴定意见的庭前开示这一角度，本文主要分为四个大部分，每个部分的内容如下：第一部分，是关于我国刑事鉴定意见的概述，在研究借鉴证据开示基本内涵以及证据开示与刑事鉴定意见开示的关系的基础上提出关于刑事鉴定意见的概念，进而提出我国目前关于刑事鉴定意见开示的现状和存在的问题。第二部分，集中论述了在我国建立刑事鉴定意见开示制度的必要性，主要从刑事鉴定意见自身的特性、平衡鉴定活动中不平等、保证刑事鉴定意见本身的客观科学、以及对于鉴定人出庭作证制度的保障这几个方面对刑事鉴定意见庭前开示制度的必要性进行展开。第三部分，在分析制度建立的必要性之后，对刑事鉴定意见的价值进行了分析。主要从保障人权、维护正义、提高诉讼效益这几个方面进行论述。第四部分，是关于刑事鉴定意见开示制度的整体构想，主要包括分析这一制度建立的可行性、在整个刑事诉讼活动中的地位、具体的实践操作以及这一制度的保障机制。
[Abstract]:In order to explore and study a system, we must first consider its necessity and function. The advice of criminal identification is based on the most basic legal spirit and principle in the society of ruling by law. Combined with the shortcomings and defects of criminal judicial identification in reality, this paper puts forward the corresponding system design in order to perfect the judicial identification activities and promote the smooth progress of the whole litigation process. As we all know, under the background of advocating civilized and scientific legal practice, judicial expertise can be said to play an indispensable role in the call of the times to explore the truth, protect human rights and restore justice. Especially in the criminal field, the opinion of identification plays an irreplaceable role, in many cases, the opinion of criminal identification plays a decisive role. It is precisely because this system shows its unparalleled superiority and position that we need to perfect it to prevent the damage to the spirit of law and human rights caused by loopholes caused by itself or objective reasons. However, what worries us is that in recent years, there have been more and more disputes about authentication, and contradictions between the appraisal agencies and the parties concerned have intensified. The phenomenon of repeated identification and repeated identification is not uncommon. This not only damages the authority of judicial expertise, leads to a crisis of trust, but also makes the case undecided, the truth can not be clarified in time, and the legitimate rights and interests of relevant parties are hard to be protected. The occurrence of this phenomenon must be caused by many reasons, among which the very important reason is that there are serious problems in our identification itself. With the improvement of the people's legal awareness, especially the strong awareness of the significant impact of appraisal opinions on their own interests, then more claims of rights require us to identify institutions, and the relevant judicial departments must change their concepts. Opinions are no longer veiled, but must be supervised and tested. From another point of view, procedural openness has become the most basic principle of litigation, which not only refers to trial openness, but also requires the transparency of pretrial justice. Judicial activities that violate this basic principle cannot be convinced by the people after all. In view of the significant influence of criminal cases on the interests of citizens and the role of criminal identification in criminal cases, this paper selects the angle of opening the opinions of criminal identification before the trial, and this article is divided into four major parts. The contents of each part are as follows: the first part is an overview of the opinions on criminal identification in China. On the basis of studying the basic connotation of evidence discovery and the relationship between evidence discovery and criminal identification opinion, the paper puts forward the concept of criminal identification opinion, and then puts forward the present situation and existing problems of criminal identification opinion discovery in our country. The second part focuses on the necessity of establishing the system of criminal identification opinions in our country, mainly from the characteristics of criminal expertise opinions, balance the inequality in the identification activities, and ensure the objective science of criminal expertise opinions. As well as the protection of the expert witness system in court, the necessity of the criminal appraisal opinion before the court disclosure system is carried out. The third part, after analyzing the necessity of the establishment of the system, the value of the opinion of criminal appraisal is analyzed. Mainly from the protection of human rights, the maintenance of justice, improve the effectiveness of litigation in these aspects. The fourth part is about the overall concept of the criminal appraisal opinion disclosure system, including the analysis of the feasibility of the establishment of the system, the position in the whole criminal proceedings, the specific practical operation and the safeguard mechanism of the system.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

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