口供任意性规则研究

发布时间：2018-08-04 18:07

【摘要】：口供是否具备任意性已成为衡量一个国家法制的民主和健全程度的重要标准。口供任意性规则已被绝大多数国家纳入应该遵循的基本证据规则之中,可是我国并未规定口供任意性规则,但随着人权保障观念以及程序正义观念的增强,对其建构已势在必行。本文一共分为四部分：第一章介绍口供任意性规则的基本理论。本章着重介绍了口供是如何界定、其与有罪答辩的区别、任意性如何界定以及规则怎样理解以期能厘清口供任意性的相关概念,澄清一些理论界的误区。再者介绍口供任意性规则的价值基础,主要从保障人权、排除虚伪以及程序正义三方面进行阐述。第二章详细介绍了口供任意性规则域外的情况。主要介绍英美法系中具有代表性的英国与美国口供任意性规则的确立与发展以及大陆法系中德国、日本以及我国台湾地区口供任意性规则的内涵及发展。最后通过两大法系国家（地区）的口供任意性规则的比较研究,以期能够为我国口供任意性规则的构建设计提供借鉴。第三章讨论了我国口供任意性规则的必要性与可行性。首先通过李久明、吴大全和罗玉明三个司法实务案例的介绍,进行导致非任意性口供的问题的归纳。通过实务案例所反应的问题进行确立我国口供任意性规则的必要性分析。最后通过法律基础与国内外环境基础进行确立我国口供任意性规则的可行性分析,以期能真正引进和实施口供任意性规则。第四章是本文的核心所在,介绍了构建我国口供任意性规则的总体构想。首先建议在立法上明确口供任意性规则、取消如实陈述义务以及明确口供任意性的证明责任与证明程度。着重介绍了需确立口供任意性的判断标准,主要通过影响口供任意性的非法方法如刑讯逼供、威胁、引诱、欺骗以及违反法定程序等方面进行阐述。最后简要分析了保障口供任意性规则的配套措施,包括侦查与羁押相分离、全程同步录音录像以及律师讯问在场权,以期能对司法实务中具体判断以及保障口供的任意性有所裨益。
[Abstract]:The arbitrariness of confession has become an important criterion to measure the democracy and soundness of a country's legal system. The rule of arbitrariness of confession has been included in the basic rules of evidence that should be followed by the vast majority of countries, but our country has not stipulated the rule of arbitrariness of confession, but with the enhancement of the concept of human rights guarantee and the concept of procedural justice, It is imperative to construct it. This paper is divided into four parts: the first chapter introduces the basic theory of the rule of confession arbitrariness. This chapter focuses on how to define confession, the difference between confession and guilty plea, how to define arbitrariness and how to understand the rules in order to clarify the related concepts of confession arbitrariness and clarify some theoretical errors. Furthermore, it introduces the value basis of the rule of confession arbitrariness, mainly from three aspects: protecting human rights, eliminating hypocrisy and procedural justice. The second chapter introduces the situation of the rule of arbitrariness of oral confession in detail. This paper mainly introduces the establishment and development of the representative rules of arbitrariness between the United Kingdom and the United States in the Anglo-American legal system, and the connotation and development of the rules of arbitrariness in Germany, Japan and Taiwan in the continental law system. Finally, through the comparative study of the rules of arbitrariness of confession in two legal system countries (regions), the author hopes to provide reference for the construction and design of the rule of arbitrariness of oral confession in our country. The third chapter discusses the necessity and feasibility of the rule of confession arbitrariness in China. Firstly, through the introduction of Li Jiuming, Wu Daquan and Luo Yuming, the author sums up the problems that lead to non-arbitrary confession. The necessity of establishing the rules of arbitrariness of confession in China is analyzed through the problems reflected in practical cases. Finally, the feasibility analysis of establishing the rules of arbitrariness of oral confession in China is carried out through the legal basis and the environmental basis at home and abroad, in order to introduce and implement the rules of arbitrariness of oral confession. The fourth chapter is the core of this paper. Firstly, it is suggested that the rules of arbitrariness of confession should be clarified in legislation, the obligation of truthful statement should be abolished, and the burden of proof and the degree of proof of arbitrariness of confession should be clarified. This paper emphatically introduces the judgment standard of the arbitrariness of confession, mainly through the illegal methods such as extorting confessions by torture, threatening, luring, deceiving and violating the legal procedure, which affect the arbitrariness of confessions. Finally, it briefly analyzes the supporting measures to protect the rules of arbitrariness of confession, including the separation of investigation and detention, the simultaneous audio and video recording of the whole process, and the right of lawyer to question and present. It is helpful to judge and protect the arbitrariness of confession in judicial practice.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.2

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