我国刑事诉讼证人的人身保护制度研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 15:38

【摘要】：证人证言作为刑事诉讼法定证据之一,其地位举足轻重,对于收集相关证据、查清案件事实、准确定罪量刑等方面都具有不可或缺的作用,同时对于审判中心主义改革的顺利进行意义重大。但是,我国司法实践中,证人出庭率低问题始终影响着这一证据功能的发挥,限制了控辩双方的质证权。法定程序流于形式,影响着公平正义的实现及我国诉讼程序的构建。这一问题与证人的人身权利得不到充分的保护息息相关。现实中,一例又一例骇人听闻的证人被害案愈加引起证人出庭的忧虑。因此,完善证人人身制度,落实证人人身保护措施势在必行。纵观域外两大法系某些代表性国家,证人人身保护始终是一项不容忽略的课题。无论是专门、完善的证人人身保护立法,亦或是设置强有力的证人保护机构,其基本都形成了一套符合本国现有国情、具有本民族精神特色的证人保护方案,在证人保护方面取得了良好的实践效果。而反观我国现行刑事诉讼法,经屡次修改,其在证人人身保护方面取得了不断地进步和可喜的效果,但是,我们不难发现仍然存在很多值得推敲之处,主要表现在保护对象范围过于狭窄;保护机关间责任分工不明确;保护措施单一、原则而不便于操作;缺乏一整套有效、完善的程序运行机制等一系列亟需解决的问题。学术界关于证人保护制度的研究也是不厌其烦,但是,大部分学者都是从宏观上探讨如何加强证人保护,如保护对象、保护范围、保护机构、保护程序等角度展开阐述,而很少学者从微观方面如证人人身保护制度如何予以完善进行着手论证。故而,文章将分为四个部分对刑事证人的人身保护制度分别予以探讨:第一部分,对刑事诉讼证人人身保护基本概念界定,从人之本性、社会契约、权利义务平衡、人权保障四个理论渊源予以探讨。继而就程序正当性、实体正义、司法资源的合理配置、契合国家保护潮流方面并结合我国证人出庭现状得出完善证人的人身保护制度势在必行。第二部分,对域外英美法系、大陆法系以及混合模式国家中具有代表性证人人身保护制度予以梳理整合、反思,最后就其能够为我所借鉴的制度作了相应反思。第三部分,就我国现存的立法(实体法、程序法)、司法实践现状作了简单描述,其中,对相关存在的问题进行剖析,如立法散乱、保护对象范围小、保护机构不明确、保护措施、程序方面的不完善及缺乏有效地监督机制与责任追究机制。第四部分,从保护原则的确立、立法模式的选择、保护要素的分析、保护程序的完善、特殊证人的保护等方面对全文作出最终的思考和见解。
[Abstract]:As one of the evidence established in criminal procedure law, witness testimony plays an indispensable role in collecting relevant evidence, ascertaining the facts of the case, accurately determining the sentence and so on. At the same time, it is of great significance for the smooth progress of the reform of judicial centralism. However, in the judicial practice of our country, the low witness appearance rate has always affected the exertion of the evidence function and restricted the cross-examination right of the prosecution and the defense. Legal procedure is a mere formality, which affects the realization of fairness and justice and the construction of litigation procedure in our country. This problem is closely related to the lack of adequate protection of the personal rights of witnesses. In reality, one appalling witness after another is increasingly worrying about the witness's appearance. Therefore, it is imperative to perfect the witness's personal system and implement the witness's personal protection measures. Throughout some representative countries of the two legal systems, the habeas corpus of witnesses has always been a subject that can not be ignored. Whether it is a special, perfect legislation on witness habeas corpus or the establishment of a strong witness protection institution, it has basically formed a witness protection scheme which is in line with the existing national conditions of our country and has its own national spirit. Good practical effect has been obtained in witness protection. On the other hand, the current Criminal procedure Law of our country has made continuous progress and gratifying results in the aspect of witness habeas corpus after repeated revision. However, it is not difficult to find that there are still a lot of things worth studying. The main performance is that the scope of the protection object is too narrow; the division of responsibilities between the protection organs is not clear; the protection measures are single, the principle is not easy to operate; the lack of a set of effective, perfect procedure operation mechanism and so on, a series of problems need to be solved. The research on witness protection system in academic circles is also painstaking. However, most scholars discuss how to strengthen witness protection from macro perspective, such as the object of protection, the scope of protection, the institution of protection, the procedure of protection, and so on. And few scholars from micro aspects such as witness habeas corpus system how to improve the start of the argument. Therefore, the article will be divided into four parts to explore the criminal witness habeas corpus system: the first part, the basic concept of the criminal procedure witness habeas corpus, from the human nature, social contract, the balance of rights and obligations, Four theoretical sources of human rights protection are discussed. Then, it is imperative to perfect the witness's personal protection system in terms of procedural legitimacy, substantive justice, reasonable allocation of judicial resources, fit in with the trend of national protection and combining with the present situation of witnesses appearing in court in our country. The second part combs and rethinks the representative witness habeas corpus system in the extraterritorial Anglo-American legal system, the civil law system and the mixed mode countries, and finally makes the corresponding reflection on the system which can be used for reference by me. The third part briefly describes the existing legislation (substantive law, procedural law) and the current situation of judicial practice in our country. Among them, it analyzes the related problems, such as legislative disorder, small scope of protection object, unclear protection organization, Protection measures, procedural imperfections and lack of effective supervision and accountability mechanisms. The fourth part, from the protection principle establishment, the legislation pattern choice, the protection essential factor analysis, the protection procedure consummation, the special witness protection and so on aspect to make the final thought and the opinion.
【学位授予单位】：广西民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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