审判中心下印证证明模式之反思

发布时间：2018-08-07 19:43

【摘要】：印证与自由心证并非证明模式,而是裁判者确定证据的证明力和运用证据认定案件事实时所遵循的裁判方式。印证应事实查明活动的要求而产生,以非实质化的证明活动为支撑:依据印证裁判,强化了查明事实真相的要求,忽视了程序正当性的保障;依据印证裁判,局限于证据之间关系的形式审查,亦加剧了我国庭审证明的形式化,法官认定案件事实的过程机械、僵化,严重挤占了其自由心证的空间。印证与以侦查为中心的诉讼构造、追求案件客观真实的诉讼理念等具有共生关系,在支撑印证运转的制度空间中很难为自由心证寻找生存的空间。伴随着我国以审判为中心的诉讼制度改革的逐步推进,以及庭审证明实质化的落实,应让法官的裁判方式回归自由心证,并通过弱化对证明力规则的依赖,强化控方的严格证明,强调辩护权的行使和保障,改造合议庭的构成,强化裁判文书的公开和说理等制度改革实现法官的自由心证。同时,印证应退出证明模式的舞台,作为一种证据分析方法,其本身的精细化、科学化应该得到特别的强调。
[Abstract]:Verification and free heart evidence are not the mode of proof, but the way that the referee determines the power of proof and uses evidence to determine the facts of the case. The verification should be based on the request of the fact finding activity, supported by the non-substantial proof activity: according to the confirmation judge, it strengthens the requirement of finding the truth of the fact, neglects the guarantee of the procedural legitimacy; Limited to the formal examination of the relationship between the evidence, it also intensifies the formalization of the trial proof in our country. The judge finds the fact of the case mechanically and inflexibly, which seriously occupies the space of his free evidence. There is a symbiotic relationship between verification and the litigation structure centered on investigation and the pursuit of objective and true litigation concept of cases. It is very difficult to find a living space for free heart evidence in the system space of supporting the operation of corroboration. With the gradual advancement of the reform of the trial centered litigation system in our country and the implementation of the materialization of the trial proof, we should let the judge's judgment way return to the free evidence, and weaken the reliance on the rules of the power of proof. Strengthening the strict proof of the prosecution, emphasizing the exercise and protection of the right of defense, reforming the composition of the collegial panel, strengthening the opening and reasoning of the adjudicative documents, and so on, to realize the judge's free testimony. At the same time, confirmation should withdraw from the stage of proof mode, as a method of evidence analysis, its refinement and scientization should be emphasized.
【作者单位】：吉林大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金一般项目(15BFX093)“非法证据排除规则的实践困境及其立法完善研究”
【分类号】：D925.2

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