台湾地区第三人刑事没收制度研究与借鉴

发布时间：2018-08-18 13:52

【摘要】：任何人不应该从犯罪中获利。这一基本法理不仅适用于犯罪行为人本身,还适用于未参与犯罪的第三人。作为台湾地区没收制度的重要内容,第三人刑事没收则是这一法理在刑事法领域的体现。它包含了狭义没收和第三人不法利得没收,后者是指没收的效力及于未参与犯罪或刑事不法行为的第三人所获取的不法利益。第三人刑事没收制度的意义,一方面在于彻底剥夺不法所得,从而预防犯罪;另一方面也限制刑事没收程序的启动,保护第三人的合法权益。台湾第三人刑事没收制度的构建和运作是本文关注的问题,通过比较台湾和大陆语境下的第三人没收制度的用语差异和面临的问题,为完善我国刑事没收提供有益借鉴。第三人刑事没收制度是台湾地区16年刑法修改的重要内容,它关系到刑事没收的意义能否彻底实现,也直接影响着公民财产权。大陆地区并没有第三人没收制度这一表述,而是采用追缴第三人取得的涉案财物。本文将这两者联系起来,以消除用语不同而造成的理解上的偏差,也为后文进一步展开比较研究奠定基础。在此基础上,提出了本文可能有的两点贡献。台湾地区第三人刑事没收制度的基本概念的厘清是论文写作的基础,由此介绍台湾地区关于没收性质的争议以及为什么要有第三人刑事没收制度。这是出于彻底没收犯罪所得从而预防犯罪的目的,也是任何人不应该从犯罪中获利这一基本法理的要求。系统介绍台湾地区第三人刑事没收制度的修法状况,本文选定从台湾地区具有代表性的案例讲起,系统介绍台湾没收修法的背景,以期了解这一制度的来龙去脉。同时,也详细介绍了第三人刑事没收制度的实体内容和程序内容。对比大陆地区的相关规定,分析追缴第三人取得的涉案财物的缺陷,提出了追缴的性质不明、缺乏体系、对第三人的保护不足等问题。综合以上内容,整理台湾地区对大陆完善刑事没收制度特别是追缴第三人取得的涉案财物的有益借鉴。对统一没收的用语构建没收体系、完善没收的程序、保护第三人的合法权益提出了自己的建议。结论部分,总结全文的主要内容,对台湾第三人刑事没收制度的理论基础和逻辑架构进行了精炼的表述,并且概括阐述了笔者对第三人刑事没收的完善建议,作为本文最终的成果。
[Abstract]:No one should profit from a crime. This basic legal principle applies not only to the perpetrator itself, but also to the third person who is not involved in the crime. As an important part of Taiwan's confiscation system, the third party's criminal confiscation is the embodiment of this legal principle in the field of criminal law. It includes the narrow confiscation and the third party illegal profit confiscation, the latter refers to the effect of confiscation and the illegal advantage obtained by the third party who did not participate in the crime or criminal wrongful act. The significance of the criminal confiscation system of the third party lies in, on the one hand, the complete deprivation of the illegal income, thus preventing the crime; on the other hand, it also restricts the initiation of the criminal confiscation procedure and protects the legitimate rights and interests of the third person. The construction and operation of the criminal confiscation system of the third party in Taiwan is the focus of this paper. By comparing the differences in terms and problems faced by the third party confiscation system in the context of Taiwan and mainland China, this paper provides a useful reference for the perfection of criminal confiscation in our country. The criminal confiscation system of the third party is an important part of the 16 years' revision of criminal law in Taiwan, which relates to whether the significance of criminal confiscation can be fully realized and also directly affects citizens' property rights. There is no third-party confiscation system in mainland China. In order to eliminate the misunderstandings caused by different terms, this paper establishes a foundation for further comparative study. On this basis, two possible contributions of this paper are proposed. The clarification of the basic concept of the criminal confiscation system of the third party in Taiwan is the basis of the thesis, which introduces the disputes about the nature of confiscation in Taiwan and why there should be a criminal confiscation system for the third party. This is for the purpose of completely confiscating the proceeds of crime and thus preventing crime, and is the basic legal requirement that no one should profit from the crime. This paper systematically introduces the situation of the revision of the criminal confiscation system of the third party in the Taiwan area. This article chooses to introduce the background of the revision of the confiscation law in Taiwan from the representative cases of the Taiwan region, in order to understand the background of this system. At the same time, it also introduces the substantive content and procedural content of the third-party criminal confiscation system in detail. Comparing with the relevant regulations in mainland China, this paper analyzes the defects of the property involved in the case obtained by the third party, and puts forward some problems such as unclear nature, lack of system, inadequate protection for the third party, and so on. Synthesizing the above contents, this paper collates the beneficial reference of Taiwan area to the mainland to perfect the criminal confiscation system, especially to recover the property involved in the case obtained by the third party. This paper puts forward some suggestions on constructing confiscation system, perfecting confiscation procedure and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the third party. In the conclusion part, the main contents of the thesis are summarized, and the theoretical basis and logical framework of the third party criminal confiscation system in Taiwan are described in detail, and the author's suggestions on the perfection of the third party criminal confiscation system are summarized. As the final achievement of this paper.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.2

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