刑事证据排除的两种模式

发布时间：2018-08-19 19:26

【摘要】：根据排除规则的规范对象以及排除证据的法律后果和操作程序,刑事证据排除可以分为两种基本模式,即以规范证据能力为中心的美国排除模式和以规范证明力为中心的中国排除模式。美国模式与其陪审团审判、对抗制审判方式密切相关;中国模式则是一元制审判组织、探求案件事实真相、防止法官滥用自由裁量权的产物。尽管美国模式有助于维护程序的正当性和提高审判的效率,但是却付出了牺牲案件事实真相的代价。中国模式虽然有助于发现案件事实真相,但是过于强调案件事实真相,不仅导致严厉的审查判断规则难以得到执行,而且无法为非法证据排除规则提供适合的生长土壤。而且,以规范证明力为中心的方式来防止法官滥用自由裁量权,既不符合法理,又没有对症下药,甚至为法官滥用裁量权提供了新的机会。
[Abstract]:According to the normative object of exclusion rules and the legal consequences and operational procedures of excluding evidence, the exclusion of criminal evidence can be divided into two basic modes. That is, American exclusion model centered on normative evidentiary capacity and Chinese exclusion model centered on normative evidentiary power. The American model is closely related to its trial by jury and adversarial trial, while the Chinese model is the product of monistic trial organization to seek the truth of the case and prevent judges from abusing their discretion. Although the American model helps to preserve the legitimacy of the procedure and improve the efficiency of the trial, it pays the price of sacrificing the truth of the case. Although the Chinese model is helpful to discover the truth of the case, the emphasis on the truth of the case not only leads to the difficulty of enforcing the strict rules of examination and judgment, but also fails to provide a suitable growth ground for the rule of exclusion of illegal evidence. Moreover, to prevent judges from abusing discretion in a way centered on normative power of proof is neither in accordance with legal theory nor suitable for the case, and even provides a new opportunity for judges to abuse discretion.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院;
【基金】：2012年教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目“刑事程序违法的定量分析”(12YJA820069)
【分类号】：D925.23

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