申请执行人对民事执行权的冲击与应对机制研究

发布时间：2018-09-03 19:59

【摘要】：民事强制执行程序作为法院司法权运行的一个重要环节,承载着法院生效裁判的实现任务,是国家保障实体权利实现的强制性手段。与审判权的本质相同,强制执行权的也是基于双方法律地位对等的前提下,以承担义务的一方履行义务为目的。强制执行权前提是以国家强制力作为依托,通过法律赋予的各种制裁手段对不依法履行裁判义务的当事人施以强制手段促使生效裁判的顺利实现。法院的裁判往往基于法律的条文性规定,通过查明事实,引用明确的法律规定,最后通过裁判的形式辨明双方的权利义务,这是一个矛盾纠纷解决的理想状态。但实际生活是千变万化的,如何使一个合理的裁判变成一个实实在在的执行结果却要受到现实的影响和制约。裁判结果给了权利人一个合理的期望值,如果因受到客观因素达不到预先的期望,那么作为一个权利期待者来说,就会像受到不平等待遇一样通过各种隐形的不合理手段来干扰正常的司法秩序,不相信司法程序,认为是司法损害了自己的应然权利,认为法院既然判了,就有义务给我执行到位,如果执行部门不能按照审判部门的裁判结果执行,那么就会通过各种其他途径干扰原本正常的执行程序。执行权的运行应当是在法律规定的范围内采取各种执行措施来保障权利人的应然权利,但是受到客观因素制约导致确实执行不能的情况也是存在的,不应对执行权施以苛刻的要求,法院也不是万能的,对于在法定期限内不能执行到位的案件就要按照法律规定的措施对案件做一个了结,而不应当对司法资源无限的利用。执行程序的中止和终结是在案件得不到有效处理后的法定结案方式,作为每一个当事人是应当遵守司法机关的终局决定的,而作为其他国家机关也应当维护司法的终局处理方式,维护法律的既判力。强制执行权的运行在当今还有许多需要完善的地方,随着社会生活的日益丰富,执行措施也应当多样化和更具有适应性,但是执行权作为弥补受损权利的一种手段,是有限的,在积极的采取各种执行措施之后仍不能达到应然状态时,作为一个有社会能力的人来说,应当承受社会风险所带来的不利后果。
[Abstract]:As an important link in the operation of the judicial power of the court, the civil enforcement procedure bears the task of realizing the effective judgment of the court and is a compulsory means for the state to guarantee the realization of substantive rights. As the essence of the judicial power, the enforcement power is based on the premise of equal legal status of both parties, with the purpose of performing the obligation of the party who undertakes the obligation. The premise of the enforcement power is to rely on the national coercive power, through various sanctions given by law to the parties who do not perform their judicial obligations according to the law to impose compulsory means to promote the smooth realization of effective adjudication. The judgment of the court is often based on the provisions of the law, by ascertaining the facts, quoting clear legal provisions, and finally identifying the rights and obligations of both sides through the form of the adjudication. This is an ideal state for the settlement of contradictions and disputes. However, the actual life is ever-changing, how to make a reasonable referee into a real implementation results will be affected and restricted by the reality. The result of the judgment gives the right holder a reasonable expectation. If the objective factors do not meet the expectations in advance, then as a right expectation, They will interfere with the normal judicial order through various hidden and unreasonable means like being treated unequally, do not believe in the judicial process, think that the judiciary has infringed on their due right, and think that the court has ruled, If the enforcement department cannot follow the judgment of the trial department, then it will interfere with the normal execution procedure by various other means. The operation of executive power should be to take various enforcement measures to protect the rights of the obligee within the scope of the law, but there is also the situation that the enforcement can not be carried out due to the restriction of objective factors. The court should not impose harsh requirements on the power of execution, and the court is not omnipotent. For cases that cannot be executed within the legal time limit, the cases should be settled according to the measures prescribed by law, and judicial resources should not be used indefinitely. The suspension and termination of the execution procedure is the legal way of closing the case after the case has not been effectively dealt with. As a matter of fact, each party should abide by the final decision of the judicial organ, As other state organs, they should safeguard the final way of administration of justice and the res judicata of law. The operation of the enforcement power is still in many areas that need to be perfected. With the increasing enrichment of social life, the enforcement measures should be diversified and more adaptable, but the enforcement right as a means to compensate for the damage to the right is limited. As a person with social ability, he should bear the adverse consequences of social risks when he still can not reach the state of what should be done after taking all kinds of positive measures.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.18

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