论行为保全制度的问题及解决

发布时间：2018-09-11 11:25

【摘要】：保全制度作为一种在实体判决作出前暂时性为被侵权人提供救济的临时措施,弥补了民事诉讼作为一种事后救济的手段具体滞后性的不足。保全制度可以避免当事人权益受到难以弥补的损失,实现法律正义。行为保全制度作为一项与财产保全制度同等重要的保全制度,在2012年《中华人民共和国民事诉讼法》(以下简称《民事诉讼法》)出台以前,一直在我国法律中不能够普遍适用。此次新《民事诉讼法》中增设行为保全制度,填补了此项漏洞,解决了行为保全以往只能适用于特别法的尴尬境地。但是通过对新《民事诉讼法》中行为保全制度相关条文的分析,不难看出,将行为保全与财产保全合并规定,无法体现行为保全制度自身独特性,且存在法律规范过于原则等问题。行为保全的申请要件、担保规定、审查程序、执行程序及救济程序也不完备,存在很多改善的空间。为了弥补行为保全制度程序上的不足,解决发现的具体问题,行为保全制度应当明确申请要件,区分申请行为保全的一般要件和实质要件。行为保全的实质要件应当包括,行为保全请求权、行为保全的必要性和利益衡量。行为保全的担保要特别注意反担保的问题。审查程序的构建要解决审查主体问题,明确审查的具体方式,特别是选择书面审查方式还对席审查方式的问题。在执行程序中,应明确具体执行的措施以及执行措施对第三人的效力问题。在救济程序中,完善行为保全裁定的复议程序和赔偿制度。
[Abstract]:Preservation system, as a temporary measure to provide relief to infringed person before the substantive judgment is made, makes up for the deficiency of concrete lag in civil action as a means of relief after the fact. The preservation system can avoid the irreparable loss of the parties' rights and interests and realize legal justice. As an equally important preservation system as well as the property preservation system, the act preservation system was not universally applicable in Chinese law before the promulgation of the Civil procedure Law of the people's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as "the Civil procedure Law") in 2012. This new Code of Civil procedure adds the act preservation system to fill the loophole and solves the embarrassing situation that the act preservation can only be applied to the special law in the past. However, through the analysis of the relevant provisions of the Preservation system in the New Civil procedure Law, it is not difficult to see that the combination of the act preservation and the property preservation can not reflect the uniqueness of the act preservation system itself. And there are some problems such as the legal norms are too principled and so on. The application requirements, security provisions, review procedures, execution procedures and relief procedures are not complete, and there is a lot of room for improvement. In order to make up for the defects in the procedure of the act preservation system and to solve the specific problems found, the act preservation system should make clear the application requirements and distinguish the general elements and the substantive elements of the preservation of the act of application. The essential elements of act preservation should include the claim right of act preservation, the necessity of act preservation and the measure of interest. The guarantee of act preservation should pay special attention to the problem of anti-guarantee. The construction of the examination procedure should solve the subject question of the examination, make clear the concrete way of the examination, especially the question of choosing the way of the written examination and the way of examining the seats. In the enforcement procedure, the specific measures to be implemented and the effectiveness of the enforcement measures against third parties should be clarified. In the relief procedure, perfect the reconsideration procedure and the compensation system of the act preservation ruling.
【学位授予单位】：华北电力大学(北京)
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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