民事再审启动主体制度研究

发布时间：2018-09-11 11:32

【摘要】：民事再审程序是对生效的一审或二审民事案件在认定案件事实或适用法律方面存在错误进行纠正的特殊程序。该程序的存在,能够确保案件质量,维护民事主体的合法权益,实现司法公正,是民事诉讼程序的重要补充。文章就法院、检察院、当事人三类主体启动民事再审的现状展开了分析,对其在启动民事再审程序中存在的缺陷和不足作了进一步深入研究,并提出应当合理构建我国的民事再审启动主体制度。目前,我们的民事再审在启动主体方面规定的很不合理。作为审判机关的人民法院主动启动再审,不仅不符合裁判既判力理论,而且与法院的中立裁判者身份背道而驰。作为监督机关的人民检察院抗诉启动再审,也同样侵犯了当事人的诉权,打破了民事诉讼等腰三角平衡关系,直接造成诉讼双方地位的不平等；同时,检察机关拥有几乎不受任何时间和空间制约的抗诉权,更是导致诉讼资源浪费、引起法检双方发生冲突的主要原因。而作为最应当受到法律保护、最迫切需要通过启动再审来维护自身合法权益的诉讼当事人,想要启动再审程序却异常艰难。当事人只能通过向法院或检察院提出申请,经其审查后决定是否应该启动再审。很显然,这对当事人诉权的实现相当不利。该文主张应当取消人民法院作为启动再审的主体资格,保留人民检察院有限抗诉的再审主体资格,最终建立当事人再审之诉的民事再审启动主体模式。只有对我国民事再审的启动主体加以调整,合理构建,赋予当事人再审启动权,建立再审之诉,才能从根本上改变再审启动主体制度存在的弊端,从而实现民事诉讼法公平正义原则。
[Abstract]:The civil retrial procedure is a special procedure to correct the errors in the cognizance of the facts of the case or the application of the law in the effective first or second instance civil cases. The existence of this procedure can ensure the quality of the case, safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the civil subject, and realize judicial justice, which is an important supplement to the civil procedure. This paper analyzes the current situation of the civil retrial initiated by the court, the procuratorate and the parties, and makes a further in-depth study on its defects and shortcomings in the initiation of the civil retrial procedure. And put forward that we should construct the system of civil retrial initiation in our country reasonably. At present, our civil retrial in the initiation of the main provisions of the unreasonable. As a judicial organ, the people's court initiates the retrial on its own initiative, which not only does not accord with the theory of res judicata, but also runs counter to the neutral judge's status of the court. The people's Procuratorate, as a supervisory organ, also infringed upon the litigant's right of action and broke the balance of the equal-waist triangle in civil litigation, which directly resulted in the inequality of the status of both parties in the lawsuit. The procuratorial organ has the right to protest almost without any restriction of time and space, which leads to the waste of litigation resources and the conflict between the two parties. As the litigant who should be protected by law most urgently need to start retrial to safeguard their legitimate rights and interests but it is very difficult to start the retrial procedure. The party can only apply to the court or procuratorate and decide whether a retrial should be initiated. Obviously, this is quite unfavorable to the realization of litigant's right of action. The article argues that the people's court should be cancelled as the subject qualification for initiating the retrial, the people's procuratorate should retain the qualification of the retrial subject of limited protest, and finally establish the civil retrial starting subject mode of the litigant's retrial action. Only by adjusting the starting subject of the civil retrial in our country, constructing reasonably, giving the parties the right to start the retrial and establishing the action of the retrial, can the malpractice of the system of starting the civil retrial be fundamentally changed. So as to realize the principle of fairness and justice in civil procedure law.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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