立案登记制下滥用诉权行为及其规制研究

发布时间：2018-09-16 20:36

【摘要】：立案程序是启动司法救济程序的的总开关,所以立案制度的合理与否对保障当事人合法权益,实现司法公平、正义发挥着举足轻重的作用。在二零一五年我国新一轮的司法改革中,立案登记制正式取代了立案审查制,得以确立。从民事立案审查制到民事立案登记制是我国民事诉讼中立案领域的重大革新,也是极具社会意义的伟大创举。相较于过去的管控型立案方式,民事立案登记制意指法院收到当事人的起诉文书后,不审查起诉的实质问题,仅核对起诉状是否符合法定的形式要件,符合要求的,法院应当登记立案。新的服务型立案方式有利于保障当事人的诉权、提升司法公信力、化解当前我国面临的“立案难”问题、推动我国民事诉讼结构的完善,更符合司法的本质要求。但凡事都具有两面性,我们必须理性、客观地对待这一制度,认识到立案登记制在降低诉讼门槛,便利当事人通过司法渠道解决纠纷的同时,在一定程度上还加大了滥用诉权的风险。最大限度地保护当事人的合法权益是立案登记制设立的立法意图,但是当这一初衷也极易被不法分子利用陷入滥用诉权的困境。立案登记制下的滥用诉权行为,有其独特的表现形式和特征,但法律没有对立案登记制下滥用诉权行为的概念和形式加以规定,加上立案登记制下,滥用诉权行为缺乏规制、立案部门把关力度减弱、司法机关之间协调配合不足、社会诚信体系缺失、当事人法治意识淡薄等一系列立法、司法、社会原因,更加剧了滥用诉权行为的激增。权利是有边界的,滥用诉权的行为不仅耗费应诉当事人大量的物力、财力、精力,同时也浪费宝贵的司法资源,损害司法的公正权威,扰乱社会秩序,这些都已经触碰了法律底线,因此必须加以规制。只有加大对滥用诉权行为的规制力度,才能使法院、公众重新树立对立案登记制的信心,保证立案登记制真正成为司法改革的亮点。因此,文章欲通过明晰滥用诉权行为的概念,归纳整合其可能出现的各类情形,从立法、司法、社会三个层面构建滥用诉权行为规制体制,以期加强对立案登记制下滥用诉权行为的规制,使保障合法权益与合法行使诉权的天平平衡,避免有限的司法资源被恶意或不当滥用,重塑创设该制度时的美好立法意图。
[Abstract]:The filing procedure is the main switch to start the judicial relief procedure, so whether the filing system is reasonable or not plays an important role in the protection of the parties' legitimate rights and interests, the realization of judicial fairness and justice. In the new round of judicial reform in China in 2015, the system of filing registration has formally replaced the system of filing and examination, and has been established. From the civil filing examination system to the civil filing registration system is a major innovation in the filed field of civil litigation in China, and is also a great innovation of great social significance. Compared with the past way of filing a case under control, the civil filing registration system means that after the court receives the litigant's prosecution document, it does not examine the substance of the prosecution, but only checks whether the complaint conforms to the statutory formal requirements, and meets the requirements. The court shall register and file the case. The new service filing method is helpful to protect the litigant's right of action, promote the judicial credibility, resolve the problem of "filing case difficult" that our country is facing at present, promote the perfection of the civil litigation structure of our country, more accord with the essential request of the judicature. But there are two sides to everything. We must treat this system rationally and objectively, recognizing that the registration system reduces the threshold of litigation and facilitates the parties to settle disputes through judicial channels at the same time. To some extent, it also increases the risk of abuse of the right of action. Protecting the legitimate rights and interests of the parties to the maximum extent is the legislative intention of the establishment of the registration system, but when the original intention is also easy to be exploited by the wrongdoers to fall into the dilemma of abusing the right of action. The abuse of the right of action under the registration system has its own unique forms and characteristics, but the law does not provide for the concept and form of the abuse of the right of action under the registration system, and under the registration system, the abuse of the right of action is not regulated. A series of legislation, judicial and social reasons, such as weak supervision, insufficient coordination and coordination between judicial organs, lack of social integrity system, weak awareness of the parties' rule of law, have exacerbated the proliferation of abuse of the right of action. The abuse of the right of action not only consumes a great deal of material resources, financial resources and energy of the litigant, but also wastes valuable judicial resources, damages the just authority of the judiciary and disrupts the social order. These have touched the bottom line of the law and must be regulated. Only by strengthening the regulation of the abuse of the right of action can the court and the public re-establish their confidence in the registration system and ensure that the registration system becomes the highlight of the judicial reform. Therefore, the article intends to clarify the concept of abuse of the right of action, induces and integrates all kinds of situations that may arise, and constructs the system of regulating abuse of the right of action from three aspects: legislation, judicature and society. The aim is to strengthen the regulation of the abuse of the right of action under the registration system, to balance the balance between the protection of legitimate rights and interests and the exercise of the right of action, to avoid the malice or improper abuse of limited judicial resources, and to reshape the good legislative intention when the system is created.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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