遏制刑讯逼供—一个人权保护的视角

发布时间：2018-10-04 18:13

【摘要】：刑讯逼供在我国的司法实践中屡禁不止,引发了一系列冤假错案,严重侵犯了人权。本文从人权保护的角度出发,立足于我国对犯罪嫌疑人权利保护的现实情况,研究和分析刑讯逼供的问题,并在比较国外关于酷刑和人权相关立法的基础上,学习国外关于反酷刑监督机制的先进经验,提出了遏制刑讯逼供的应对措施。本文正文共分为五个部分:第一部分阐述了刑讯逼供的定义及其表现。在现实中的表现本部分是通过介绍呼格吉勒图、徐梗荣、杜培武这三个案件让人们对现实中刑讯逼供导致的冤案有一个基础了解。第二部分论述了刑讯逼供对人权的危害。刑讯逼供与人权保护有密不可分的关系,刑讯逼供严重侵犯了人的尊严,还在一定程度上损害了犯罪嫌疑人的健康权、生命权等基本权利。该部分通过分析刑讯逼供对人权保护造成极大的危害,使二者之间在现实中的矛盾凸现出来,从而使人权保障作为一个重要命题摆在我们眼前。第三部分论述了我国刑讯逼供发生的原因。主要是从思想观念、法律制度设计和监督机制这三个方面来分析,以期为后文提出遏制刑讯逼供的解决办法打下客观基础。第四部分叙述了关于反刑讯逼供的国内外立法。本部分有关国际立法主要介绍的是联合国的《禁止酷刑公约》,此外对欧盟的反酷刑机制——欧洲防止酷刑委员会、欧洲人权法院和部长委员会进行了介绍,为我国的立法完善提供了借鉴经验。第五部分是对遏制刑讯逼供的几点思考,该部分以前文的理论研究为基础,结合国际司法实践中的实际情况,从建立反酷刑委员会、引入羁押场所巡视制度和律师介入权三个角度提出遏制我国刑讯逼供的可行性建议,建立一套监督制约机制,希望能有效的减少我国的刑讯逼供现象。通过对全文的总结笔者认为遏制刑讯逼供必须以人权保障为视角,借鉴国外立法经验重新审视我国现行法律制度的缺陷,通过完善制度来保障人权,禁止刑讯逼供的发生。
[Abstract]:Extorting confessions by torture has caused a series of false and wrong cases in our judicial practice, and has seriously violated human rights. From the angle of human rights protection, based on the reality of protecting the rights of criminal suspects in our country, this paper studies and analyzes the problem of extorting confessions by torture, and on the basis of comparing the relevant legislation on torture and human rights in foreign countries, This paper studies the advanced experiences of foreign countries on the mechanism of anti-torture, and puts forward some countermeasures to curb the extortion of confessions by torture. The text is divided into five parts: the first part describes the definition and performance of extortion by torture. In reality, this part introduces Huugjilt, Xu Jirong and du Peiwu, which make people have a basic understanding of the wrongs caused by torture. The second part discusses the harm to human rights caused by extorting confessions by torture. Extorting confessions by torture is inextricably related to the protection of human rights. Extorting confessions by torture seriously infringes the dignity of human beings and to some extent damages the basic rights such as the right to health and the right to life of criminal suspects. Through the analysis of the great harm to the protection of human rights caused by extorting confessions by torture, the contradiction between the two is highlighted in reality, and the protection of human rights is put before our eyes as an important proposition. The third part discusses the reasons of extorting confessions by torture in China. It is mainly analyzed from the three aspects of ideology, legal system design and supervision mechanism, in order to lay an objective foundation for the later article to put forward the solution to curb the extortion of confessions by torture. The fourth part narrates the domestic and foreign legislation about anti-torture. This section mainly introduces the UN Convention against torture, the European Committee for the Prevention of torture, the European Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers, the European Commission for the Prevention of torture, the European Commission against torture, the European Commission for the Prevention of torture, the European Court of Human Rights and the Committee of Ministers. It provides reference experience for the legislative perfection of our country. The fifth part is a few thoughts on curbing the extortion of confessions by torture. Based on the theoretical research of the previous articles and the actual situation in international judicial practice, the author has established the Committee against torture. In order to effectively reduce the phenomenon of extorting confessions by torture in our country, the author puts forward some feasible suggestions from three angles of the inspection system of detention place and the right of lawyers' intervention, and sets up a set of supervision and restriction mechanism to effectively reduce the phenomenon of extorting confessions by torture in our country. Through summing up the full text, the author thinks that in order to curb extortion by torture, we must take the human rights protection as the angle of view, draw lessons from the foreign legislative experience to re-examine the defects of our country's current legal system, protect human rights through perfecting the system, and prohibit the occurrence of extorting confessions by torture.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：D925.2

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