我国现行逮捕条件适用研究

发布时间：2018-10-15 18:15

【摘要】：我国刑诉法意义上的逮捕是指公安机关、人民检察院和人民法院为防止犯罪嫌疑人或者被告人逃避侦查、起诉、审判,进行妨碍刑事诉讼的行为,或者发生社会危险性,而依法剥夺其人身自由,予以羁押的一种强制措施。我国《刑事诉讼法》第79条将逮捕的实质条件分为一般逮捕、径行逮捕和违反取保候审、监视居住规定转捕3种;第91条规定了逮捕的形式条件,即在执行逮捕时须依据有权机关签发的逮捕令状才能执行。从域外来看,多数国家实行了“逮捕前置主义”,逮捕和逮捕后的羁押是两个独立的审查程序,审前羁押制度在设计上遵循比例性与抑制性原则,审前羁押率较低而保释率非常高。从我国的逮捕条件适用情况来看,“构罪即捕,一押到底”仍是习以为常的司法惯例,办案人员过多地考虑诉讼风险,忽视对逮捕条件的审查和适用,给公民个人、社会、司法机关带来了诸多不良影响。我国在2012年刑诉法修订中部分解决了1996年刑诉法的一些缺憾,将逮捕条件修正为:以社会危险性取代逮捕必要性表述;将社会危险性具体描述为五种情形;对刑罚条件分层处理;规定径行逮捕特殊情形;对监视居住、取保候审转捕情形予以明确等。新刑诉法大量地吸收了有益的司法实践经验,显示出国家立法者在法治发展进程中极大的改革决心,为防止错捕、滥捕,加强人权保护提供了有力的法律保障。然而新刑事诉讼法的修缮仍不尽完善,制约逮捕条件正当适用的刑事司法观念滞后、逮捕条件立法模糊、逮捕替代性措施缺陷等问题尚未解决。解决途径应从立法层面上,区分重罪与轻罪设置不同的逮捕条件,明确逮捕和无逮捕必要性条件,完善逮捕的替代措施;在司法实践层面上,注重提升司法人员的人权理念,促进审查逮捕程序正当化,建立审查逮捕案件质量保障机制,完善捕后羁押必要性审查机制。通过立法和司法互动,以逐步改变我国逮捕率较高,审查逮捕案件质量不高的现状。
[Abstract]:Arrest in the sense of criminal procedure law in our country means that the public security organs, the people's procuratorates and the people's courts, in order to prevent criminal suspects or defendants from evading investigation, prosecution, trial, conduct of acts that hinder criminal proceedings, or the occurrence of social danger, And the deprivation of his personal liberty according to law, to be a compulsory measure of detention. Article 79 of our country's Criminal procedure Law classifies the essential conditions of arrest into three categories: general arrest, arrest by arrest, violation of bail pending trial, and transfer of arrest under supervision and residence regulations, and article 91 provides for the formal conditions of arrest. The arrest shall be executed on the basis of an arrest warrant issued by the competent authority. From the perspective of overseas, most countries have implemented "arrest preemption". Arrest and detention after arrest are two independent review procedures. The system of pretrial detention follows the principle of proportionality and restraint in its design. The pretrial detention rate is low and the bail rate is very high. From the point of view of the application of the arrest conditions in our country, it is still a normal judicial practice to "construct a crime namely arrest, one remand in the end". The case handlers consider the litigation risks too much, ignore the examination and application of the arrest conditions, and give citizens and society, The judiciary has brought a lot of bad influence. In the revision of the Criminal procedure Law in 2012, our country partially solved some shortcomings of the 1996 Criminal procedure Law, and revised the conditions of arrest as follows: replacing the necessity of arrest with social danger, describing the social danger as five kinds of situations. The conditions of punishment are stratified, the special circumstances of arrest are stipulated, and the situation of surveillance residence, bail and transfer to arrest is made clear. The new Criminal procedure Law absorbs a large number of beneficial judicial practical experience, which shows the great reform resolve of the national legislator in the process of the development of the rule of law, and provides a powerful legal guarantee for the prevention of false arrest, the indiscriminate arrest and the strengthening of the protection of human rights. However, the renovation of the new criminal procedure law is still imperfect, the concept of criminal justice that restricts the proper application of arrest conditions lags behind, the legislation of arrest conditions is vague, and the defects of alternative measures of arrest have not been solved. The solution should be from the legislative level, distinguish between felony and misdemeanor to set different arrest conditions, make clear the necessary conditions of arrest and no arrest, perfect the alternative measures of arrest, in the judicial practice level, pay attention to promote the human rights concept of judicial personnel. To promote the legitimacy of the examination of arrest procedures, to establish a quality assurance mechanism for the review of arrest cases, and to improve the review mechanism of the necessity of detention after arrest. Through the interaction of legislation and judicature, we can gradually change the current situation that the arrest rate is high and the quality of arrest cases is not high in our country.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：D925.2

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