论我国民事诉讼保全担保制度

发布时间：2018-11-09 18:37

【摘要】：民事诉讼保全担保制度,是在民事诉讼保全程序中,保全申请人向法院申请保全时,法院根据保全类型的不同,以及案件具体情况,要求保全申请人提供担保,以保障被保全人的合法利益。我国经济现在处于中高速发展时期,在司法实践中,保全担保愈来愈重要。然而,现行立法并未对保全担保作出明确具体的规定,使得司法实践运行困难。为了能够更好地发挥民事诉讼保全担保制度的作用,本文紧紧围绕,担保的必要性审查原则、方式、数额等内容,依次论述,希望有助于司法实践的运行,有利于当事人合法权利的保护。本文的主要内容如下:第一部分关于民事诉讼保全担保制度的定义与功能定位。第一节主要是了解民事诉讼保全担保的定义及辨析;第二节主要论述保全担保的功能定位。对当前学界代表性的观点进行梳理,主要包括防止申请人滥用保全、弥补申请人释明不足、保障被保全人合法利益。然后,对代表性观点分别评析,得出笔者的观点,即民事诉讼保全担保的功能应该是保障被保全人的合法利益。第二部分剖析了我国民事诉讼保全担保制度的现状与不足。其中分别从保全担保的必要性审查原则、方式和数额三个方面,对我国保全担保制度的现状进行梳理。我国民事诉讼保全担保制度的不足体现在:对该制度的设置过分注重担保,民事诉讼保全担保的必要性审查原则设立的不合理,对担保的方式未作明确规定,相关司法解释对担保数额的规定在实践中执行起来困难重重,标准单一、不科学。民事诉讼保全担保的程序不具体,包括设立程序、实现程序和解除程序的不明确。司法实务中,甘肃、重庆等地高院作出了变通性规定,通过比较分析,提炼出值得借鉴之处。第三部分阐述了民事诉讼保全担保制度的比较法考察。分别从民事诉讼保全担保的必要性审查原则、数额、方式以及解除程序等方面,介绍了德国、日本、美国以及我国台湾地区的相关立法规定,并提炼了我国民事诉讼立法可以学习和借鉴的地方。第四部分总结我国民事诉讼保全担保制度的完善建议。在必要性审查原则上,明确保全担保并非民事诉讼保全的必要条件,同时增加了申请人免于提供担保的特殊情形;由立法明确列举民事诉讼保全担保的方式,包括五种,即现金担保、实物担保、财产担保、权利担保、责任保险担保。明确允许多种方式联合担保的规定。科学设定民事诉讼保全担保的数额比例,确立以可能损失额作为保全担保数额标准的原则,突破现有司法解释中的单一比例的规定,进一步细化分段数额标准;在现有的追加担保规定的基础上,增加变更担保的规定。在程序设置上,规范民事诉讼保全担保的设立、实现和解除程序。
[Abstract]:The system of preservation security in civil action is that when the applicant applies to the court for preservation in civil proceedings, the court requires the applicant to provide security according to the different types of preservation and the specific circumstances of the case. In order to protect the legitimate interests of the protected person. China's economy is now in a period of high-speed development. In judicial practice, security preservation is becoming more and more important. However, the current legislation does not make clear and specific provisions on security preservation, which makes the operation of judicial practice difficult. In order to play a better role in the preservation of security system in civil proceedings, this paper closely revolves around the necessity of security review principles, methods, amounts and so on, in order to discuss, hoping to help the operation of judicial practice. It is beneficial to the protection of the legal rights of the parties concerned. The main contents of this paper are as follows: the first part is about the definition and function of the preservation security system in civil action. The first section is mainly to understand the definition and discrimination of the preservation security in civil action, and the second section mainly discusses the function orientation of the preservation security. It mainly includes preventing the applicant from abusing preservation, making up for the deficiency of the applicant's explanation, and protecting the legitimate interests of the protected person. Then, the representative point of view is analyzed, and the author points out that the function of the preservation guarantee in civil action should be to protect the legitimate interests of the protected person. The second part analyzes the current situation and deficiency of the preservation guarantee system in civil litigation in China. In this paper, the necessity principle, method and amount of preservation security are reviewed respectively, and the present situation of preservation security system in our country is combed out. The deficiency of our country's civil litigation preservation security system lies in: the establishment of this system pays too much attention to the guarantee, the unreasonable establishment of the principle of the necessity examination of the civil litigation preservation guarantee, and the lack of clear regulation on the way of the guarantee. The relevant judicial interpretation of the amount of security provisions in practice is difficult to implement, the standard is single, unscientific. The procedure of security preservation in civil action is not specific, including establishing procedure, realizing procedure and dissolving procedure. In judicial practice, Gansu, Chongqing and other high courts made flexible provisions, through comparative analysis, to extract the reference. The third part expounds the comparative law investigation of the preservation guarantee system in civil action. From the aspects of the principle, amount, method and dissolution procedure of the necessity review of the preservation security in civil action, this paper introduces the relevant legislative provisions of Germany, Japan, the United States and Taiwan. And has refined our country civil lawsuit legislation may study and draw lessons from the place. The fourth part summarizes our country civil lawsuit preservation guarantee system consummates the proposal. In the principle of necessity examination, it is clear that the preservation of security is not a necessary condition for the preservation of civil action, and at the same time increases the special circumstances in which the applicant is exempted from providing security; The legislation explicitly enumerates the ways of civil litigation preservation security, including five kinds, namely, cash guarantee, physical security, property guarantee, right guarantee, liability insurance guarantee. A provision expressly allowing multiple forms of joint sponsorship. Setting the proportion of the amount of the preservation guarantee scientifically, establishing the principle of taking the amount of the possible loss as the standard of the amount of the security, breaking through the single proportion in the current judicial interpretation, and further refining the standard of the amount of the subsection; In addition to the existing additional security provisions, the addition of security provisions. In procedural setting, standardize the establishment, realization and release of security in civil action.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D925.1

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