民法方法在刑事案件中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-11-22 16:44

【摘要】：刑法与民法作为法的重要部门，其关系经历了从古代“刑民不分”到近代“刑民分立”再到当代的“刑民交叉”这样一个过程。伴随着刑法与民法相互影响的趋势，民法在刑事案件中的应用范围也越来越广，具体实践类型表现为辩诉交易、刑事和解、自诉案件、污点证人豁免、取保候审、简易程序、证据开示、立法改革及民法反腐等。这些实践做法虽然都是民法在刑事案件中的典型应用，但是透过表象分析他们对民法原理的借鉴却有略有不同，具体来说可分为四类，分别是契约精神在实体利益交易和程序利益交易中的应用，将个别原归刑法调节的领域归由民法调节的立法改革，以及用民法来打击犯罪的民法工具理性化。民法与刑法是各自独立的两大部门法，民法在刑事案件中得以应用必然有其合法合理的根据，首先，这符合政治国家向市民社会转变的社会转型背景，市民社会要求刑法保持它的谦抑性，并具有平等、正义、意思自治等市民社会的美德；其次，这符合“公法私法化”、民刑交叉的学科背景，民法作为私法对作为公法的刑法的渗透主要有法律功能及法律责任方式的影响；再次，这还契合了现代社会下诉讼谦抑、成本控制及追求正义兼顾效率的诉讼观念的转变；最后，这还可以解决实践活动中疑难件难以突破、刑讯逼供超期羁押屡禁不止、诉讼爆炸带来的案件积压等难题。将民法应用于刑事案件的司法实践已经取得了一些良好效果，，能够较好的实现社会效果与法律效果的统一，但仍存在种种不足。而且在这一方面，部分西方国家在实践中的探索比我国要早许多，对于那些成熟的、优秀的成果，我们可以在充分结合本国国情的基础上进行借鉴。在综合我国与他国优秀成果的基础上，本文针对将民法方法应用于刑事案件过程中的不足之处提出了三点建议。首先，对于引用契约精神的实体利益交易与程序利益交易的两类刑事案件的处理需要坚持民法契约精神的引导；其次，应当扩大民事责任方式在刑事案件中的应用范围，逐步由轻微刑事案件向严重复杂的社会犯罪中推行；最后，应当构建社区司法，推动刑事纠纷解决途径多元化，以平抑社会对正式司法的依赖，也满足利益多元化的时代背景下的价值多元化需求。
[Abstract]:As an important department of law, the relationship between criminal law and civil law has gone through a process from ancient "criminal law is not divided" to modern "criminal civil separation" to contemporary "criminal people cross". With the trend of mutual influence between criminal law and civil law, the scope of application of civil law in criminal cases is more and more extensive. The concrete practical types are plea bargaining, criminal reconciliation, private prosecution cases, immunity of tainted witnesses, bail pending trial, summary procedure, etc. Evidence disclosure, legislative reform and civil law anti-corruption. Although these practices are typical applications of civil law in criminal cases, their reference to the principles of civil law through superficial analysis is slightly different. Specifically, they can be divided into four categories. They are the application of the spirit of contract in the transaction of substantive interests and procedural interests, the legislative reform of the regulation of individual areas under criminal law, and the rationalization of civil law tools used to combat crime with civil law. Civil law and criminal law are two separate departments of law. The application of civil law in criminal cases must have its legal and reasonable basis. Firstly, it accords with the social transformation background of political country to civil society. Civil society requires the criminal law to maintain its modesty, and has the virtues of equality, justice, will autonomy and so on. Secondly, it accords with the subject background of "private law of public law" and the intersection of civil and criminal law. As a kind of private law, the penetration of civil law into criminal law as public law mainly has the legal function and the way of legal responsibility. Thirdly, it also fits in with the transformation of litigation concepts in modern society, such as litigation modesty, cost control and the pursuit of justice and efficiency. Finally, this can also solve the practical activities difficult to break through, torture forced confessions extended detention repeated prohibition, litigation explosion caused by the backlog of cases and other problems. The application of civil law in the judicial practice of criminal cases has achieved some good results, can better achieve the unity of social and legal effects, but there are still a variety of deficiencies. And in this respect, some western countries explore in practice much earlier than China, for those mature, excellent results, we can fully combine the national conditions on the basis of reference. On the basis of synthesizing the outstanding achievements of our country and other countries, this paper puts forward three suggestions for applying the civil law method in the process of criminal cases. First of all, to deal with the two kinds of criminal cases of substantive interest transaction and procedural interest transaction, we should insist on the guidance of civil law contract spirit. Secondly, we should expand the scope of application of civil liability in criminal cases, gradually from minor criminal cases to serious and complex social crimes; Finally, we should construct community justice, promote the diversification of criminal dispute resolution approaches, in order to stabilize the dependence of the society on the formal justice, and also meet the needs of value diversification in the context of the diversified interests of the times.
【学位授予单位】：西南政法大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.2

【参考文献】