“恶意民事诉讼”的识别及其法律规制

发布时间：2018-11-22 16:43

【摘要】：民事诉讼本应是当事人运用法律武器解决纠纷,维护自身合法权益的最后-道防线,体现着法律对公平与正义的价值追求。但近年来,随着经济与法制的发展,公民的法律意识不断提高,同时由于法律信仰的缺失而导致滥诉的情形也不断增加,恶意诉讼的产生成为了诉讼领域中的一种病态现象。恶意诉讼不仅侵害了他人的合法权益,造成了诉讼资源的浪费,也破坏了国家的司法秩序,对法律的权威性造成了冲击。我国理论界及司法实务界都对恶意诉讼问题进行了深入的研究,新修订的《民事诉讼法》中也增加了与恶意民事诉讼相关的法律规定,但从整体看来,我国始终未对恶意诉讼问题形成统一的认识,也未建立起一套系统、完备的恶意诉讼法律体系。因此,本文以民事诉讼领域中的恶意诉讼为视角,系统地对恶意民事诉讼问题进行了探讨与研究。本文正文共分为五个部分：第一部分是对恶意民事诉讼进行界定。笔者分析比较了域外以及我国学术界对恶意民事诉讼的定义,并将其与相近概念进行辨析,进而对恶意民事诉讼的界定进行探讨。第二部分是对恶意民事诉讼进行识别。与司法实践中的具体案例相结合,对各类恶意民事诉讼案件的特点、表现形式和构成要件进行总结描述,为进一步预防和规制恶意民事诉讼行为奠定理论方面的基础。第三部分是有关恶意民事诉讼进行的域外考察。笔者分别对大陆法系中的德国、法国、日本,以及英美法系中的英国、美国等国家针对恶意民事诉讼的相关法律规定进行介绍总结,为我国完善恶意民事诉讼法律制度提供借鉴。第四部分是探讨我国恶意民事诉讼的现状。笔者将这一部分分为三个方面：首先对恶意民事诉讼产生的原因进行分析讨论,其次对我国现行的有关恶意民事诉讼的法律进行梳理,并对现实的司法现状进行描述,最后针对相关法律规定,总结出存在的问题。第五部分是对恶意民事诉讼的法律规制。笔者从诉前、诉中、结案后三个阶段对恶意民事诉讼进行完整地规制与打击,并就各个阶段的具体问题提出解决的方案,力求形成一套完整的规制体系,更严密地对恶意民事诉讼行为进行预防与打击。
[Abstract]:Civil litigation is supposed to be the last line of defense for the parties to use legal weapons to resolve disputes and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests, which embodies the value pursuit of fairness and justice. However, in recent years, with the development of economy and legal system, citizens' legal consciousness has been improved, and the situation of excessive litigation caused by the lack of legal belief has also been increasing. The emergence of malicious litigation has become a pathological phenomenon in the field of litigation. Malicious litigation not only infringes on the legitimate rights and interests of others, causes the waste of litigation resources, but also destroys the judicial order of the country and impacts on the authority of the law. The theory and judicial practice of our country have carried on the thorough research to the malicious lawsuit question, the newly revised "Civil procedure Law" has also added the related laws and regulations of the malicious civil lawsuit, but from the overall view, China has never formed a unified understanding of malicious litigation, nor has it established a complete legal system of malicious litigation. Therefore, from the perspective of malicious litigation in the field of civil litigation, this paper systematically discusses and studies the problem of malicious civil litigation. The text of this paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the definition of malicious civil action. The author analyzes and compares the definition of malicious civil action outside China and the academic circles of our country, and distinguishes it with similar concepts, and then probes into the definition of malicious civil action. The second part is the identification of malicious civil action. Combined with specific cases in judicial practice, this paper summarizes and describes the characteristics, forms and constitutive requirements of all kinds of malicious civil litigation cases, which lays a theoretical foundation for further prevention and regulation of malicious civil litigation. The third part is about the malicious civil action carries on the extraterritorial investigation. The author introduces and summarizes the relevant laws and regulations of Germany, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States and other countries in the civil law system of the continental law system in view of malicious civil litigation. For our country consummates the malicious civil lawsuit legal system to provide the reference. The fourth part is to discuss the present situation of malicious civil action in our country. The author divides this part into three aspects: firstly, analyzing and discussing the causes of malicious civil action, secondly combing the current law of malicious civil action in our country, and describing the actual judicial status quo. Finally, according to the relevant laws and regulations, summed up the existing problems. The fifth part is the legal regulation of malicious civil action. In order to form a complete system of regulation and regulation, the author makes a complete regulation and strike at the three stages of malicious civil action before, during and after the conclusion of the case, and puts forward solutions to the specific problems in each stage, so as to form a complete regulatory system. More closely to malicious civil action to prevent and strike.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

【相似文献】