小额诉讼程序的完善研究

发布时间：2019-01-20 12:16

【摘要】：社会的发展进步决定了每一个司法制度的设立都是为了实现社会现实中的需求。自从上世纪五、六十年代以来,随着二战后社会经济的逐渐复苏,世界各国在司法上都不同程度的出现了“诉讼爆炸”这一现象。为了解决这一问题,各国都掀起了对民事诉讼审判程序改革的浪潮,小额诉讼程序正是在这一浪潮中涌现到人们的视野中。小额诉讼程序体现了公平和效率合一的司法价值,它为保障每一个公民都有平等的机会接近法律提供了平台。小额诉讼程序不仅能够高效、低廉、快捷的解决纠纷,促进司法资源的优化配置,实现司法效益的最大化,而且也有利于促进社会的和谐稳定。我国自改革开放以来,伴随着经济发展速度的不断加快,国民的法律意识也不断强化,更多的民众愿意使用法律这一武器来解决现实中的矛盾纠纷,导致民事纠纷案件不断地涌进法院,大大增加了法院审理案件的压力。为了解决实践中有限的司法资源无法满足人民日益增长的诉讼需求,我国在学习和借鉴国外小额诉讼程序成功改革经验的基础上,先是在全国小范围内对小额诉讼案件进行速裁试点工作,然后在这次民事诉讼审判改革中结合我国的具体国情,出台适合社会主义特色司法建设的小额诉讼程序。这不仅是对我国民事诉讼改革的完善,更是体现了我国社会主义法治建设的一大跨步。但是,我国出台的小额诉讼程序只在立法上以一条条文简单的作以规定,而不是设立一套完整的程序制度,正因为立法者对小额诉讼程序的规定过于简单,没有作出明确、具体的适用规定,这对在实践中更好地实行小额诉讼程序增加了困难和阻碍。因此,我们需要对小额诉讼程序的具体规定和配套制度进行深入研究,为国家将来完善立法提供有价值的参考。本篇文章将从六个方面对小额诉讼程序进行叙述。第一章是全文的开篇部分,论述了小额诉讼程序这一课题的源起背景；第二章介绍了相关的理论基础,从不同角度给出了小额诉讼程序的定义观点；第三章是从宏观角度研究了国内外关于执行小额诉讼程序的法律规定,并在此基础上论述了域外成功经验对我国小额诉讼程序立法方面的启示；第四章对我国新《民事诉讼法》162条进行评析,并深入研究小额诉讼程序在立法层面和实践操作中存在的问题；第五章在我国小额诉讼程序建立的基础上,从立法和配套制度方面对其构建和完善提供些许浅薄建议；第六章是结束语,对全文进行提炼,并展望未来。
[Abstract]:The development and progress of society determines that every judicial system is established to meet the needs of social reality. Since the fifties and sixties of the last century, with the gradual recovery of social economy after World War II, various countries in the world have appeared the phenomenon of "lawsuit explosion" in different degrees. In order to solve this problem, many countries have set off a wave of reform of the civil procedure of trial, and the small claims procedure has emerged in the people's field of vision. The small claims procedure embodies the judicial value of fairness and efficiency. It provides a platform for every citizen to have equal access to the law. The small claims procedure not only can solve disputes efficiently, cheaply and quickly, but also can promote the optimal allocation of judicial resources and realize the maximization of judicial benefit, and also help to promote the harmony and stability of the society. Since the reform and opening up, with the acceleration of economic development, the legal awareness of the people is also constantly strengthened, more and more people are willing to use the law as a weapon to solve the contradictions and disputes in reality. As a result, civil disputes continue to pour into the court, greatly increasing the pressure on the court to hear cases. In order to solve the problem that the limited judicial resources in practice can not meet the increasing needs of the people, our country learns and draws lessons from the successful reform experience of foreign small claims procedure. First of all, the trial work on small lawsuit cases is carried out in a small scale in the whole country, and then in this civil litigation trial reform, according to the specific conditions of our country, the small claims procedure suitable for the judicial construction with socialist characteristics is put forward. This is not only the perfection of our country's civil litigation reform, but also the great leap of our country's socialist legal construction. However, the small claims procedure introduced in our country is only stipulated by a simple provision in legislation, rather than a set of complete procedural system. It is precisely because the legislator has not made clear that the provisions of the small claims procedure are too simple. The specific application of the provisions, this in practice a better implementation of small-claims procedures increased difficulties and obstacles. Therefore, we need to study the specific provisions and supporting system of the small claims procedure in order to provide valuable reference for the country to perfect the legislation in the future. This article will describe the small claims procedure from six aspects. The first chapter is the opening part of the full text, discusses the origin of the subject of small claims proceedings background, the second chapter introduces the relevant theoretical basis, from different angles to give the definition of small claims proceedings point of view; The third chapter is to study the domestic and foreign legal provisions on the implementation of small claims procedure from a macro point of view, and on the basis of this, it discusses the enlightenment of the successful foreign experience to the legislation of small claims procedure in our country. In the fourth chapter, the article 162 of the new Civil procedure Law of our country is analyzed, and the problems existing in the legislation and practice of the small claims procedure are studied in depth. The fifth chapter on the basis of the establishment of the small claims procedure in China, from the legislation and supporting system to build and improve it to provide some shallow suggestions; the sixth chapter is the conclusion, refining the full text, and looking forward to the future.
【学位授予单位】：南京财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D925.1

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