民事执行机构改革实践之反思

发布时间：2019-02-17 12:31

【摘要】：纷繁杂芜的民事执行机构改革实践类型化为横向静态分权、横向动态分权、集中裁决型纵向分权、集中实施型纵向分权、双重集中型纵向分权等五种模式。除了解决"执行难"问题外,当前各地法院推动执行机构改革的动机主要是预防司法腐败、提高执行机构办事效率、实现多元政治利益诉求。为防止试点法院为追逐自身利益而损害当事人及案外人合法权益,民事执行机构改革应当坚持程序利用者中心主义。民事执行权主要包括执行裁决权、执行命令权、实施事务权三种权能,其中前两种权能应当保留由执行法官行使,而无涉实质判断的简单实施事务的权能可以交给由执行员及其辅助人员行使。鉴于实施事务权与执行命令权、执行裁决权、涉执行审判权之间存在密切的联系,而且执行事务局内置于法院系统更有利于提高执行效率和减轻当事人执行负担,在全国法院系统内设置跨行政区划的、上下级法院之间垂直领导的执行事务局系统的改革思路更为可行。
[Abstract]:The practice types of the reform of the complicated civil execution organization are divided into five modes: horizontal static decentralization, horizontal dynamic decentralization, centralized adjudicative vertical decentralization, centralized implementation vertical decentralization, and dual centralized vertical decentralization. In addition to solving the problem of "difficult execution", the motivation of the courts to promote the reform of the executive organs is mainly to prevent judicial corruption, improve the efficiency of the executive organs, and realize the demands of pluralistic political interests. In order to prevent the trial court from harming the legitimate rights and interests of the parties and outsiders in order to pursue their own interests, the reform of civil execution organs should adhere to procedural user-centrism. The power of civil execution mainly includes the power of adjudication, the right of execution of order and the power of execution of affairs, among which the first two powers should be exercised by the executive judge. The power of simple execution without substantive judgment can be exercised by the executor and his assistant. In view of the close link between the right to execute transactions and the power to enforce orders, the right to execute decisions, the power to enforce the trial, and the fact that the Bureau of Enforcement Affairs is built into the court system to enhance the efficiency of enforcement and reduce the burden of enforcement on the parties, It is more feasible to set up the executive affairs bureau system with the vertical leadership between the higher and lower courts in the national court system.
【作者单位】：清华大学法学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金青年项目“迈向制度理性的民事程序研究”(14CFX028) 贵州省哲学社会科学规划青年项目“审判权与执行权的分离与协作研究”(16GZQN01)
【分类号】：D925.1

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